Current real estate market busy mess, just a little loose with individual real estate prices to ease the tight liquidity position, there is the media together with the so-called "experts" shouted the collapse of the financial risks, as if some money would earn less China seen their homes destroyed death; just broken for individual appeared, the call number 100 million in assets value, the situation is extremely critical subprime mortgage crisis soon; even more ridiculous is that some people went so far as to "buy up not to buy or psychological" as the basis for determining the housing market decline , then one a farce, then pile a bunch of jokes, really exposed the "interest groups" set up chain of interest, deep-rooted, indeed affect the supremely embodied the characteristics of the current。.
In fact, statistics show that in the current "rescue" the hysterical cries of situation, the price is not substantial decline: first half of the national economic statistics, real estate development and investment in fixed assets investment still accounts for nearly 1 / 3 , plus index of home prices in 70 major cities showed that in the first half of urban housing prices are still rising overall, only "gain" a bit smaller than before, up a small vice and then also in the up, this is clearly the facts; Rates in 2012 doubled the number of rooms times the cost of the developer in the end how much money, are clearly an idiot. .
Developers have earned a full, say "money chain tension" is true or false cardat too lustful too quickly as a result of wanton expansion, which has no vision, no social responsibility of the developer community has died is tough; developers are perfectly capable of, have the opportunity to help themselves, such as appropriate to reduce prices to ordinary acceptable price, is a good choice, "Coldplay" is not a simple phenomenon, reflecting their lack of social ethics.
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Systemic inflation intensified, a very popular phrase, "In addition to what wages are up," think about it, no substantial increase in income, or even reduced circumstances, the daily cost up every day, and today do not know Tomorrow it also could afford to eat rice, and who dare to buy a house, what means buy a house? And then "just" and also can not afford to just be doing something off the mark that is not fool? . .
In fact the real situation never ends now, prices have no real, people did not so rich, "rescue" however is vested interests more greedy desire only, is non-existent "rescue" sufficient conditions and requirements, it can be said is a "false proposition." Save the people, save people's lives, save the credibility of policy makers is their top priority - No wonder people say, "Even the CPI, PPI, GDP for the core of confidential data can be easily leaked to foreign media, the group is not relevant departments to provide special services for the interest groups, and even greater conspiracy? " People went to believe? In fact, if policy-makers long-term point of view, if there is no quick success, if the people or the real benefit for the majority of the people, do not think the current situation, but to live and work in the real harmony! . .
But even if the "rescue" and people cannot afford to buy it, you are doing more to encourage measures? "to the rescue" taken relatively loose credit policies are not "substantially" Huimin, price-to-let the ordinary people can afford is the hard truth: even if the first payment, loan interest, but on the whole higher liabilities, increased in the long run, even if the purchase of a wave at raised again brings us the "prosperity", is also bound to accumulate more serious crisis. So let people bought up, let people see the future hope can be effective. In contrast, bit of profit has no effect on the developers, but ordinary people can actually be considered as a "favor." .
In the current high inflation pressure, blind "rescue" is to build high "Lake". To be blunt, the "rescue" is the "interests" of the lust for the expansion and benefits realization and sidewalks and escort the "rescue" will cause more expansive developers greed, there will be a "successful" blackmail the Government, thus continuing to raise prices, and rising of PPI also will become developers raising prices of "reasonable excuse", so tired of high risk factors, then layer it will result in forfeit scene appears. The "rescue" the poor people on terms that do evil is to let the people down at the end of the Pacific where no "deep sadness." .
Currently, the "empty room" decisive hand is an effective means to achieve win-win in one fell swoop.
In fact, due to speculation caused real estate profits, a direct result of housing vacancy rate is high, regardless of whether the recognition of relevant departments, the fact is, not self-deception or some excuse can cover up the truth: for example, sold out a long-Shanghai Hongqiao Jiaofang stay 3 years or so high-end real estate, at about 3 / 4, no light, no occupancy signs say? You say there are people who are sleeping or living, but to travel, and might as well say that they kick the bucket the more credible.So how many of the buildings in Shanghai, Beijing, China towns? interest groups in the possession of the so-called "experts" I only know that just need to shout, "stressed," but does not concern the "empty", only how to push up prices for more money, yet turn a blind eye to the poor people of the community waste of resources, there is no point of social responsibility.
"Extensive" economic structure, "extensive" development model, "extensive" management vision and so all the "extensive", leading to today's energy shortage shortage of resources related to the livelihood of the people on the housing so complex a waste of resources to turn a blind eye, dammit . Whether the house is not already sold, as long as the large number of vacant is a waste, not houses to live more ambiguous, but the house has become a tool to be possession of profits, and led directly to the person who can not afford housing; side of the large amount of land to , steel only, cement, timber and other raw materials to build the house, one side has a large number of empty uninhabited area, such "harmony" was too insulting word harmony..
Therefore, to adopt means to let these vacant room "release" is necessary. 。.
In short, the so-called "rescue" is a short-sighted behavior, the real estate market has its own laws, the more problems the more intervention; appropriate means to release the vacant availability, reduce the waste of resources serve multiple purposes is a "leading" good policy , is responsible. .
This year the first 5 months, our residents ' consumer price index (CPI) rose as high as $ 8.1%. The cause of the current round of inflation and rising prices of governance, and the parties. Morning post reporters recently on this topic, an interview with the ninth and tenth sessions of the Committee of the CPPCC National Committee, State Council staff officer ren Yu-ling.
The overall root cause of inflation. .
Oriental Morning Post:.
China by the end of last year inflation has continued for more than six months, but prices are still rising month by month. Do you think the inflation is caused by those reasons? What is the performance of its most important? . .
Ren Yu-ling.
As many scholars said that the current inflation causes the generation of foreign and domestic reasons. Foreign reasons the U.S. subprime mortgage crisis, Britain, the United States, Japan and other countries the impact of rising prices, the impact of international oil prices, Vietnam's economic crisis, as well as foreign "hot money" inflows to China's influence. And domestic reasons, the impact of RMB appreciation, the local impact of the development of desire is too strong, the impact of excessive investment, the relative scarcity of resources, snow disaster and earthquake impact and the impact of soaring real estate prices. .
Over the many factors are closely related with the inflation. Inflation, rising prices of commodities, commodity prices are low, we are concerned about price, commodity price rises rapidly, it is necessary to take measures, but cannot treat headache pain, only temporary solution is not inflationary.
The main reason of inflation in the country, the main contradiction is still real estate. Large-scale real estate, a wide range of industries involved more. Great prices such as steel, which is directly linked with the real estate pull together. The great development of China's real estate to promote the steel industry's major development 65. China's steel production capacity from more than 100 million tons in recent years grown to more than 400 million tons, domestic iron ore can not meet the needs of foreign imports, while most of the world's iron ore exports are going to China can not fully meet the need , contribute to the international iron ore prices rose rapidly.Iron ore price rise and ironmaking, steelmaking led coal, electricity prices, steel prices, inevitably lead to a series of mechanical and electrical equipment manufacturing and steel price increase for raw materials, products, and thus cause a chain reaction.
Rapidly rising real estate prices in the case, housing has become a social investment products. The last three years, Shanghai, Beijing, Guangzhou and other places, people invest in purchasing, can often achieve revenue doubled in 2023. This not only attract a large number of domestic investment buyers, it also attracts a large number of foreign "hot money." A group of domestic real estate speculators from Wenzhou, Shanxi "coal bosses", as well as a variety of rich regarded buy a house, seller, real estate speculators, renting with money to make money as a way of making money. The same is true abroad, I went to Saudi Arabia last year, when asked about the direction of some people to invest in China, and found that they are invested in property on.I'm in Australia and New Zealand tour, has made me a guided tour of 10 translation and personal, nine in China to buy real estate, most people bought three sets.
Therefore, the real estate inflation, high inflation is the total root, it can be said that the inflation of "tractor" and "booster." .
Beihai city lesson.
Oriental Morning Post:. .
You said that real estate prices rise is the main cause of inflation, but some people think that real estate is not included in the CPI, since it is not included in the price factor does not affect changes in the CPI, it does have an impact on inflation. Please you examine this issue.
Ren Yuling:. .
This understanding, I would like to have a certain representation, it is this understanding that enable people to ignore the inflation and real estate prices. Many experts talk about the causes of inflation, the real estate prices. In fact, real estate prices on the effects of inflation is the broadest, deepest and most serious. The three most "in the early 1990s in China working experiences and feelings in the conclusions.
1993 and 1994, the North Sea city of prices up to 43%, then gives the impression that money is not worth the money market, and various commodity prices increased several times over. At that time the North Sea, although inflation is local, but it really is a property of high value and huge profits caused. .
The North Sea is the first opening of one of the 14 coastal cities, but more because of the geographical location, in the last century 80 's development is slow. Entered the 1990s, Beihai is fully aware of this land have open-door policy, promoting the development of the land, once built five major economic development zone. Deng Xiaoping's southern tour comes just after the speech, the North Sea, the development of further warming, in addition to a large number of Hainan's real estate company turned to North abroad, there are 30 provinces of people into the North Sea real estate development, including Tibet and Xinjiang are built in the North Sea a real estate company, real estate companies in the North Sea, the development from 2 to 1340, when the national real estate companies accounted for more than half of the total number of 2800, there are only 143 Architectural Design Institute. For a time the North Sea has become the most popular spots for development of the city, per capita GDP rose in 1994, National City ranked 12th. .
At that time, China national, real estate sites are allotted by the Government price of $ sold an acre, there can be up to 80 million or $ 2 million, many real estate developers get high profits, and a variety of commercial and residential buildings and villas as well as a number of five-star, four star hotel to be built rapidly. National many famous architectural group have also gathered in the North Sea, in the room, in production, such as iron, MCC has 1-2 a corporation operating in the North Sea.
As the real estate speculation, housing prices soaring day after day, a large number of generated profits of enterprises, investment buyers who purchased in increasing day by day, many people to rely on banks to make large capital inflows the North Sea. One day, due to a business listing, there are more than 400 million in capital into the North Sea Communications. This led to price index soared to 43%, inflation quickly. But did not last long, the real estate bubble burst in 1994, resulting in the North Sea in a prolonged economic distress. The North Bay by the state as a new "development pole", the North Sea really out on a low. More than a decade, the price is heavy..
The inflation in 2008, and the two-year national real estate prices are directly related to the rapid rise. While real estate prices have been rising over the past decade, but rising fastest, increase the maximum period it was happened in 2006 and 2007.
Shenzhen City in 2004 prices and incomes more than just 6. .52-Fold, while in 2006 soared to about 15. .76 Times further in 2007 to more than 20 times. Shanghai, Beijing central area housing prices to income ratio even up to 30 times and 50 times. Statistics also show that the average house price in Beijing in 2004 was only 5,050 yuan / square meter, while in 2007 the city's average room rate went up to 14,000 yuan / square meter. .
None of the industry such as real estate connection across industries, the development of numerous connection community. Real estate prices skyrocketed and the rapid growth of the scale, inevitably coal, electricity, oil transportation and comprehensive range of raw materials, this is the cause of inflation, inflationary rests in this place.
Treatment of high prices the best time. .
Oriental Morning Post:.
Some people say that now houses began to slow moving, and the Government does not take support measures will jeopardize the safety of China's macro economy, leading property developers and banks liquidity risk. If the real estate as the root cause of inflation, high real estate pressure, will not really such a crisis and the risks? . .
Ren Yu-ling.
This question, I conducted repeated discussion and reflection. It should be said, attaches great importance to public opinion the real estate industry to create, but also on market speculation. Not only do they disguise themselves, but also "nurtured" a group "ordained" or through "large amount of money" to some experts and media for creating public opinion. House prices doubled, the real estate business 1-5 months of this year, up 24 on the housing development area. .9%, An increase of 26 residential construction area. .6 per cent, and in this economy, they scream, "to defend the market" and called on the Government relocation policy, real estate market and alarmist about anything, "otherwise it will threaten China's macro-economic security, resulting in the Bank system of risk". There are buyers for speculation, to say the "fear of affecting the public appreciation of the real estate assets, spread to the local governments ' revenue '". All of these are vested "infinite" reflects the desire, but also is one of the few real estate's insatiable..
It should be said, some of our cities, housing prices have reached a critical point, and then really want to crash the surge. As far as I know, there are several large cities, the declining trend in home sales this year. Beijing, for example, from January to May, the city's term sales fell 46. .1% Decline in home sales area 48. .8%. Such problems, can the state of the real estate development support enough? Not. Substantial decline in home sales this year, illustrates the high rate in 2007 house prices increased more than the market limit, the current prices have been booming, the majority of people can no longer afford. .
Over the past two years, the Government has to tackle the vast number of people have "live" of issues, ranging from financial, taxation, land prices soared in terms of the regulation, and in 2007, 24 presented two 70% (i.e. 70% of the supply of land for building houses, protective cover 70% of an area of 90 square meters following control). While all of these policies, public opinion is always encounter real estate, real estate developers resisted until the end of last year alone in the House to a peak of people sigh.
Today, in the hoarding of land, reluctant sellers, housing, investment and speculative buyers a little restricted by the government, the masses of people still can not afford a house, some real estate in addition to Shanxi, the tree and other "coal bosses" focus areas for launching and encourage "coal bosses" Beijing to purchase, is that blackmail the government and the banks continue to boost house prices soared and growth. .
Suppress the housing prices will not endanger the safety of China's macroeconomic? will give banks at risk? "in my opinion, since the real estate today, become the bane of inflation, then they must eliminate the bane, cut off cancer pain is pain in the short and long. This fear, suffering from troubles. Early treatment may include losses to a minimum. I think this time management real estate price will be the best time.
First, risk analysis from the bank, some people worry that because real estate developers own funds less than 80% financed by bank loans, real estate signs of trouble if the bank is facing developers of land, housing and debt repayment possible. If too much real estate prices go down, banks have risk of loss. However, the present practical considerations, the current bank mortgage of land and housing developers are mostly before 2005, when land and housing priced lower, and now the time for remediation, if real estate is not a bank loan, the banks have conditions to recover the original mortgage at a lower price of land and real estate.According to the current price to disposition, the banks will never lose, no risk at all. On the contrary, if two years after it was determined that developers mortgage in the Bank's land, housing is overpriced, when developing commercial mortgage loans for land and housing cover, the Bank's losses will not be underestimated.
Second, macro-economic security analysis, and now to high prices and regulation of real estate bubble, in any case much better than the drag. On the one hand, China's overall economic development momentum is good, even though some fluctuations in real estate, 8% economic growth is still possible to guarantee; on the other hand, the aspirations of the masses in need of housing is high, demand is large, if the squeeze pressure of the investment purchase, speculative buyers, house prices could be down, the masses can buy the real estate market will not shrink but larger; real estate building an even larger amount certainly.Under the State Council 24 2007, go to work, the 70% of the land designated for protective housing, 70% completed following an area of 90 square meters, total scale of our real estate is still a very good prospect. This is an easy solution to the "live", the real estate of the Grand, and real estate-driven 60 more normal development of the industry.
"Rectification" liable to five resistance. .
Oriental Morning Post:.
However, if the control of inflation really start from the real estate, you think it will not drag? . .
Ren Yu-ling.
Resistance is definitely yes. Now any reform will touch on the interests of redistribution. Need to control inflation, starting from the real estate, as a reform measure, to create benefits for the majority of the people, will certainly affect people developer and the vital interests of speculative buyers, so there must be resistance. .
The first resistance from real estate developer. That is the nature of the enterprise. Like Bill Gates that company · boss in China, particularly the real estate sector. This earthquake donations, Wang was as a real estate representative, netizens spat shows make money real estate developers in the desire of the perennial. Last month, Beijing real estate developers to recommend Conference held in Shanxi and real boss Pan shiyi in Shanxi province marketing talk, shows that the purpose of real estate, houses, mostly as a rich man to Beijing investment and speculative services.
The second resistance from a few rich. Throughout the country and abroad with rich people, they are optimistic about China's real estate cost-effective, flock to cities to purchase and hoarding of residential housing, as the revaluation can arbitrage. For them, it is infinite hope rising prices. .
The third type of resistance from the Bank. Long term bank loans to the real estate developers, real estate near 80% of the money in the Bank. Plus, the bank credit of "mutual benefit" also leads to the lender and the sell rates House of the "cooperation". Therefore, banks and real estate developers have more than one nostril out-gassing, have already formed a "community of banks and enterprises." In this case, to regulation of real estate is even more difficult.
Fourth type of resistance from some local officials. Over the years, learning to operate in all parts of the city, selling the land has become a major government revenue in some cities, revenue from land sales as high as tens of billions, with this money, the government could lead a relaxed and prosperous life. Furthermore, the development of real estate developers act more, GDP growth in the higher, the greater the performance of certain people. So, the high price of real estate renovation, will be blocked by some local officials and opposition. .
The fifth kind of resistance from the corrupt elements in the resistance. In these years of real estate development, corruption case is very diverse. Some of the developers in order to get a cheap land and housing in greater efficiency, at a variety of means of corrosion-related management and staff. Sent home, Villa, send money, cars, antique paintings, send their children abroad, beauty accompany live, and so on have occurred. As far back as the early 1990s, Beihai city a representation of the real estate Branch Chief of less than six months, it is under $ 3 million in bribes. Many fear the corrupt elements of real estate regulation, for fear his exposure of corruption assets. Therefore, they will do everything possible to prevent the regulation of real estate, real estate norms. .
The "trick" to a certain cure for high prices.
Oriental Morning Post:. .
Finally, at the time of the adoption of regulation of real estate prices, what measures should be taken, and how to break through?.
Ren Yuling:. .
Renovation of real estate price is the key to solving the inflation. In order to lower the high prices of real estate, you should take the following measures.
First, the supply of land on the need to carry out control and legislation. Many people in China, a small but strong case of urbanization, housing, land prices inevitably soaring. To prevent unlimited housing land prices rise, housing and commodities should be the supply of affordable housing to be strictly differentiated. The State Council document No. 24 of 2007 70% of the housing proposed site is zoned for affordable housing provision should be strictly implemented. On the protection of housing land should be a strict limit to ensure that the affordable housing prices lower. .
Second, it must reverse the developer to obtain greater profitability and accumulation of land and chasing the Housing Act. To buy the land and building housing developers, especially the contractor logistics support to housing developers, its got the land, a transfer is not allowed, second half-year does not start, should be fine, two years still does not recover the land should be free of the builders. On the housing, within the listing, chasing behaviour should be fighting.
The third is applied to real estate loans in the banking sector, should strictly control the ratio of real estate loans, own funds are not lending to developers low. Lenders must stop colluding with business people together, through loans to real estate speculators to profit from. Bank loans to buy homes of ordinary people who should lower lending interest rates applied, and extend the mortgage period. Should be through the "Bank loan-to-leverage" to the current real estate investment, reversing the direction of speculative service for the service to the general population. .
4 urban residents to purchase an apartment, you can study abroad incentives or subsidies or exemptions relating to taxes and fees. At the same time, to a large number of construction and housing, improving the supportability of economical housing and affordable housing-building, expanding affordable housing with low-cost access to a range. When you purchase supportability, eliminating household housing barriers to enable migrant workers and members of the public to share the fruits of development.
Fifth, restrictions on foreign investment in the purchase and "hot money" purchase. Not the city work on domestic and foreign cities, all rich in the purchase of a building, as well as live and work in this city of rich people buying second homes over the purchase behavior, methods and constraints should be introduced restrictive regulations. Negligent management of the situation as quickly as possible. .
Sixth, the housing stock to account for more than 70% of the construction of housing, social benefits should be implemented in the first evaluation, pricing and bidding contractor. To ensure that housing, low-cost and low price, but also on evaluation, pricing and bidding link supervision to prevent collusion, elevation: cost and pricing.
7 is to strengthen the management of the real estate industry, and seriously implement the 17 major people's livelihood, "Housing," The spirit of making every citizen in the state share of public land to create land appreciation the results and benefits. .
"Things fear fear seriously. "As long as the relevant authorities to carry out their responsibilities seriously, the prevention of the phenomenon of corruption caused by the breach, we will surely be able to harness the real estate prices, inflation and make new contributions.
(Ren Yuling was born in October 1938, Nankai University in 1960, stayed on to teach after graduation, after the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the National Science and Technology Commission and other departments, a former chief engineer of the State Science and Technology Commission of China Spark Inc., Vice Mayor of the North Sea. National CPPCC eighth member of the Ninth, Tenth Standing Committee. State Department counselor, well-known economist.). .
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(2008-1-4). .
Time: November 16, 2007 11: 59 p.m..
Location: Shanghai Hengshan Little Red House. .
Site: China daily five strong Alliance 2007 annual meeting of the President.
Moderator:. .
Distinguished leaders, ladies and gentlemen, good afternoon, everyone in the history of Chinese media reported industry history, today is a memorable day. Cities in Eastern China, declared that the Union was formally established. This is in the past China daily on the basis of five Union. The seven newspapers from North to South: the Shenyang daily "," daily "," in Dalian, Qingdao, the Wuxi daily, Ningbo, Xiamen daily, the Zhuhai sez. The newspaper is China's media market is very influential newspapers in most mainstream newspapers. 7 Newspapers Union, the last in the advertising business to access the large number of ads in Shanghai and the advertising company's support and attention. This had a promotion in Shanghai, invited several veterans agency, which some CEOs think about how we are to return, to thank the Shanghai area advertising agency clients and friends, they think of last resort is to have international top level of economic experts - Professor Lang, to come here and we communicate. .
I think of Qingdao Haier Zhang ruimin said: training is the best benefits. I think we please our leader seven reported lang to do exchanges, but also to all the best kind of gratitude and return. We warmly congratulate China Eastern city newspaper Alliance was established thanks to the arrival of lang. Below please 03 is the world-class economists lang a wonderful speech.
Lang. .
Today the lecture and in the past, I have prepared a report outline, broke the tradition. The reason is that I was afraid of media so significant problems when I wrote the wrong, so the correct outline to everyone, to give you an outline of my point of view. In under an hour I in accordance with the requirements of our agenda to talk about the topic of most concern, 2007 our economy and what happened. Here I made eight Chinese economic crisis, before I talk about this topic before, I think this topic on our media industry is very important. I could say, when the media reports do have grasped a central idea, the implementation of our national policy is what kind of attitude. Make a report to its pure, as do mining Opinions brainstorming, this is an objective media to achieve. .
In order to cope with my speech, I own one, I would like to present our Chinese economy made a consolidation of the conclusions. For all today concerns the macro to do than I am today, the Government implemented policy I have a summary statement. I would like to use a medicine knowledge to answer that we got today, as China's economy, like pneumonia, according to TCM theory, treatment of pneumonia to use a large cooler, if we really cool with the big rule is very likely that the patient died, because he is a weak constitution, the best way to start Warming, our foundation, put up after the last body to the treatment of pneumonia with a large cooler. .
Today we are all of the macro-control policy including monetary policy itself, why not solve the problem of foam, inflation, the main reason is that I said that he used the cold treatment of pneumonia. My proposal is to reinforce, in my interpretation of what I think, I should, according to the eight major crisis a..
The first big crisis is the goal of macroeconomic regulation and control I think it is wrong. We are currently seeing the stock market bubble in the property market is so? Is the government about the excessive liquidity caused it? I think it is wrong! The overall situation of China today is very complicated, is not a simple excess liquidity, I 认为 most daring in recent years is due to the country's investment environment and rapid Wu Hua, Yinciwomen Qiyejiaba Yinggai Touzierbu investment of squeeze money out of the formation of virtual money into the stock market into property. .
This is I think the most important first funds — virtual funds. The second sum is currently under extensive corruption, corruption, massive entry into the market and the stock market, the third money is explicated international hot money and the fourth capital is our people's savings. At present, all the macro-control policy of the Fund is essentially a third and fourth items. I for example, foreigners may not buy a House for the provisions of paragraph 3, the second set of problems in the mortgage is for the four funds, I can't say that for the third-fourth entry is invalid, but your goal is wrong. All our policies are not addressed first, and that is because the investment business with the rapid deterioration of squeezing out a large number of virtual money into the stock market and property market it? We have no access to the property market for corruption shall regulate the phenomenon of what? There is no regulation of these two funds, so the strength of our macro-control is insufficient, because you have the funds for the wrong direction. This is what I propose first crisis. .
The second biggest crisis is that we do control the control to our current economy had a significant financial risk, which is greatly increased the financial risk. I would like to use the bubble in the 1990s, Japan and China now compare this phenomenon of foam.
You should know that "Plaza Accord" thing. Britain, Germany, France, United States, Japan was signed between the "Plaza Accord", "Plaza Accord" demands for currency appreciation. At that time the Japanese government signed the agreement, it is clear that the United States fall into the trap. The reason is simple, when the Japanese government signed the word, indicating yen will appreciate. So the world of international speculators will buy yen, because he bet on yen appreciation.We never exchange rate as economic phenomenon, the exchange rate is not a textbook on the definition of currency between the price, it's not so simple, the exchange rate is the Governments a means of achieving political aims! when Japan signed the "Plaza agreement": as the yen undervalued drastic trade surplus, the next step is the yen. The Government of Japan on the day of signature of the revelation of the world of international speculators Yen to rise, the inevitable result is a large number of international hot money into Japan. Results Japanese yen appreciated! You think that money as general commodity the same? Can balance the supply and demand after the price increase it? Wrong, that is the price of goods in general, but the exchange rate is not, when the price of a rise in the exchange rate, international speculators look, wow! Really appreciate, and buy, more money into Japan, and then forced yen appreciation, and more hot money into Japan, and then forced yen appreciation, a few years yen appreciation has doubled, almost destroyed the Japanese economy.But please note there is a phenomenon we are ignored, that is, the appreciation of the yen continued to process, the u.s. Treasury Department in Japan through various channels of oppression and relax the credit interest rate reduction, relaxation due to lower interest rates, credit results caused liquidity flooding, Japanese companies are very pleased to banks to lend money, easy, low interest rates, and can quickly strengthen the surface of the Japanese economy. This phenomenon is reflected on the surface of prosperity in the stock market is reflected in the stock market bubble, is the property bubble property, reflected in the shop is inflation. Therefore, the appreciation of Japanese yen, the stock market bubble in the property market and inflation itself, because under U.S. pressure caused by excess liquidity caused. Well, recently seen many media De Bao Dao, this issue as the more correct, and therefore considered that the Chinese Government to target our current appreciation of the RMB exchange rate, stock market bubble and property bubble and inflation should be the policy of Japan was doing exactly the opposite s, that is to raise interest rates to tighten credit. Here we told you that they are wrong. .
Because Japan is liquidity, but today China is not a problem. China is what problem?, as I earlier mentioned, the basic cause of foam is due to the investment and business environment caused by rapid deterioration, thus squeezing out a large number of virtual funds forming large quantities into the stock market bubble. Due to different reasons, the Government's macro-economic policies must be different, but unfortunately, it is our policy to tighten credit to raise interest rates, causing what result? it is a further blow to the already deteriorated investment business environment. Interest rates have been increased 6% over the last few days to raise interest rates. So you put yourself think for our entrepreneurs, do you think he was under such an occasion is also willing to invest? Several manufacturers in China which can create such a high profit, the banks raise interest rates, forced to give up our manufacturing investment, do not do, and the investment should not invest money out to go to the formation of virtual money stock speculation, so Why do stock prices under macro-control more reason for rising prices is because the more up macro-control target is wrong. As and when Japan is not the same. .
Today, not because of excess liquidity resulting in a bubble, but because of the investment in the business environment of rapid deterioration. Of course I do not deny that today's liquidity, liquidity is not a stock property bubble, but the real drivers, because of our investment in the business environment caused by rapid deterioration. It does not recognize the economic problems, economic problems and rashly to raise interest rates, currency, you know what results you? as interest rates rise makes our rapid accumulation of financial risk, once an intolerable that day, China has had a major crisis.
Recalling what it was how the matter in Japan, when Japan's major trading companies as a low interest rate loans Tai Fu, and Japanese companies operating rapidly due to the high debt accumulated substantial financial risk to an unbearable stage had a bubble will collapse and so Japan's economic crisis in the financial risk that liabilities arising from the accumulation of financial risks. Today, China's economic crisis? Part from the inappropriate monetary policy and interest rates have kept increasing and continued tightening, resulting in financial risk to our economy major crisis. .
And this is why in the end I 07 to a so-called neutral scholar identity I want to make the following conclusions that I fully support the idea of macroeconomic regulation and control of the CPC Central Committee, since I am of the view that the macroeconomic adjustment is necessary, but I am against our executive level of the financial policy, because he is wrong.
The third great crisis is from the mid 90's after our GDP as the key link throughout the local government to the idea of creating a phenomenon unique to China's dual economy. Will you read the recent media reports, media reports said today China's economy is overheating, but I urge you go ask your guests entrepreneurs, they get better it? Every day of their life is sad. No matter who he is, no matter what business he was engaged, regardless of where he, his day of this year than last year definitely sad, sad over this year and certainly next year, that's for sure. .
Now that day so sad, so how can we possibly overheating economy? but our index indicates how economic overheating,? that's my theory that the Chinese economy is an economic phenomenon, China's economy is overheating while at the same time too cold, too hot for those departments? that's us local governments to GDP as the key concept, he invested in construction-related sector is overheating, such as steel, cement, real estate is hot. What is cold? most of private enterprises is too cold. The dual economy phenomenon can be said to be unique worldwide phenomenon, or may only be in China, Cai Keneng appear, caused by reasons for this here for decades come to our local government GDP-the key link to vigorously promote the idea of the results of the local construction . .
So the last ten years we ordinary medical, can't afford, not science, can't afford housing, and does not break it? in the 17th CPC National Congress before it is not so is concerned. Where the Government is not a very grim broken bridges paving, fancy wrappings called engage local construction, is essentially to the ladder of success. Assessment of cadres are based on GDP for the evaluation of standards, but more seriously, this kind of assessment standards, local officials as a result of promoting the building makes our economy this special dual economic phenomena, and construction-related sector is essentially overheating, and construction-independent private enterprise is basically too cold. .
So this phenomenon of dual economy and our stock market 28 economic phenomena are very similar. Why are there 28 stock market phenomenon ah? What is a large cap it? Large cap and you find that we are related to overheating sectors, such as the last real estate, steel, cement, there are other financing banks are hot, so the stock market's 28 dual phenomenon and our economy is basically correspond of. So in this particular under the dual economy, will produce two inevitable results: The first result is further macro-control failure, the second results will generate inflation. So I gave to illustrate. .
Why macroeconomic regulation invalidated, overheating overheating of the sector and why he was not the cause of economic and political reasons, it is the mentality of GDP as the key result of the heat sector to overheat. So what is the purpose of macro? is the use of economic instruments to control the overheating, but overheating is a political reason for you to use economic instruments to control the problem. Where is the problem?, for example, when the Central Bank to raise interest rates to zero. 25% percent because of higher interest rates and local governments not to pursue the building of it? According to engage in that will not stop, and still cut open and damaged bridges and roads will not stop, why? In order to improve the GDP! Higher interest rates result is that he still does not stop borrowing money from banks, then the department will suffer a cold, cold is basically a private enterprise sector, and most of the funding of private enterprises is the underground financial, commonly known as the black market, black market finance rates are very efficient, very sensitive, according to my research, the results show that AM is his 4 times the official rate, which is the central bank increased 0. .25% of the black market interest rates increase, after 4 times, 4 times the result is a further blow to the already depressed private enterprise sector. According to my previous theory that you blow up their investment interests, they did in this deteriorating investment business circumstances he would not want to invest, but rather will squeeze out more virtual money to overheats sector invested in the stock market speculation.
Cold sector due to capital outflows, the results colder, overheated sectors to accept his money because more heat. So the more macro-control of China's dual economic phenomenon more prominent, and this is why we are the more macro-control of our economic data shows that the Chinese economy more heat, this is the reason for overheating. Is part of the sector rather than the whole overheated overheating, you continue to carry out macroeconomic regulation in accordance with this objective, then the dual economy would be more serious. .
The second is necessarily produce inflation. So harvest by the end of 2006, according to economic theory, of course, these theories in China is not used, is an economic theory of! according to harvest grain and oil prices should fall on it, to January, grain and oil prices, and that is the result of a dual economy.
How create it? You then remember what I just said from the cold sector of large capital to overheated sectors, all over the cold sector lack of funds and how funds do? Government printing money, printing banknotes resulting overall inflation. So the problem of excess liquidity at this time came out, so January's grain and oil prices rising by as much as 20%, to pork prices in May rose 26%, eggs up 37%, up to today's in November, The 20% increase from our risen 60%, then the recent increase is still high.That is when you eat, the bite of meat eating a meal to pay 50% of the money, he didn't look like a washing machine, TV set, see the old. Eating 3 times a day to eat, this increase is incredible. In accordance with current statistics, you can now buy food money should be increased by 50%. Then such a serious inflation and the livelihood of the people have come from, I'm talking about is basically a dualistic economy and why virtual funds.
Pork, for example, we talk about why the price of pork rose? There are two reasons, first is the classical swine fever, even today in 2007 will have the phenomenon of classical swine fever, showing how local government is a dereliction of duty, the control of classical swine fever can not rely on the farmers. This must be a government action, local governments are now grasping the building of the control of the disease do not care that he has had, and this is why in 2007 the reason will have fever. .
The second is the pig feed prices. Hog cholera and swine feed prices making pig-private entrepreneurs invest in rapid deterioration in the business environment. According to my theory that investment in the business environment of pigs under the rapid deterioration of the entrepreneur is doing, he should not invest money squeeze out virtual money into the stock market and property market, we study carefully the reasons for the increase in the price of pork is the big pig slaughter after the "after" no pigs, and we do not feed the pig. Then do not raise pigs, just like you like speculative stocks. This is what we just talked about the dual economy and the virtual capital fully explained the reasons for the recent inflation, is the nature of this dual economy with GDP as the key link from the local government created the concept of consequences. This is my third so-called economic crisis. .
So domestic consumption can not, our annual economic growth of 10%, 造出 so much economic, goods sold? Sold to foreigners it! This caused a lot of trade surplus. Japan's trade surplus as share of GDP was accounted for 4. .5%, And China 9%, and local governments for the export of their thinking is wrong, is called export. Export evil, in my view is synonymous with the export volume is to take our limited resources to foreigners for profit. For example, if a lack of resources of Chinese national dare to sell the Japanese coal, the reclamation of the Japanese Na Qu.That our trees cut down to make no additional value to sell to Japan of chopstick, why not cut your own tree? "he will not do the things that he does not do damage to resources, and to whom? to the Chinese people do you use coal, no added value such as chopsticks something bloody earn foreign exchange devaluation certainly are exports, is synonymous with evil. Local government in GDP as the key concept is based on the concept of export makes a serious imbalance in the Chinese economy, resulting in significant trade surplus. We have reached as high as 1. .4 trillion trade surplus, and if you take 1. 4 trillion proud of this one. .4 Trillion is the inevitable result of a wrong policy. What was the result? To the Europe and the United States an excellent opportunity to pressure the yuan appreciation. Today, I can not think of any reason why our government continue to appreciate the yuan. RMB appreciation is what I mean certainly the fourth economic crisis. .
Fifth largest crisis I put in front of four crisis be a consolidation, a rise in interest rates, one is causing the error rate of macroeconomic adjustment and the rise in GDP of local government errors as the key policy and foreign exchange policy of the exchange rate on the rise. Two main financial parameters of the rise of China's enterprises are already difficult to make a living investment business environment continues to deteriorate gradually bled to death. What do you think China's export-oriented manufacturing sector days well before, the day is day by day. So he will not invest, so he must be as I said earlier, as the investment should not invest money squeezed out of virtual money into the property market, then you may ask me, in the end the number of virtual money ? Tell you a number, that we entrepreneurs should not invest money and invest in Europe and the United States compared to 80% of the input stock and property markets, resulting in a bubble. A rise in the exchange rate bubble more serious, but the surface looks and Japan, as then, where to know why it is very complicated. China entrepreneurs will not invest to stock speculation was.I would like to ask you about a problem, you should invest without investment, the investment in space to who? this free space necessary for foreign-funded enterprises. Interest rate rise has created a difficult business environment, its corollary to foreign investment into China provides an excellent opportunity, you take a look at our private entrepreneurs, the selling company, sell factory semblance, is due to the difficult business environment for investment. This is what I call a crisis.
Sixth largest crisis I would ask you to look up the sky, you find that in 2007 the Chinese sky flying with two vulture, bald eagle is for? Vultures eat dead bodies. I said earlier on, and China's manufacturing industry, because all the theories mentioned earlier gradually bleeding to death, the head of the bald eagle flew down to feed our bodies. Two bald eagle's head is it? One is the industrial capital, the second is the financial capital.As you know is China's Qingdao beer brands, you also think Qingdao beer or a Chinese Enterprise? tell you a number, Qingdao State Council holding of 30%, but do you know the second largest shareholder is? American Anhai de Bush company holding 27%, 4% more buy h-shares, our China Qingdao Beer could become foreign-funded enterprises. You remember xugong story? the American Fund to purchase of Kelly, xcmg, including myself, many scholars and experts in the media on this thing all Dafa, because everyone's efforts, the successful suppression of the assets. What reason then sold to local governments to foreigners? Is a negative net assets sold to foreigners. Negative net worth and sell it? Do you have a little bit of economic common sense ah. Does not depend on the value of a company's net assets, but on the ability to have going. The value for Xugong sustained earnings in the future depends on the ability to better do not sell, if sold at 100 yuan, according to Kelly, I understand funds or similar funds, will certainly separate listing or sell XCMG, earn 10,000 yuan. So the price from 100 to 10 000 more than he can earn 100 times. .
Then you don't understand it, purchase of Qingdao Beer Anhai de Bush company is the acquisition of industrial capital, xcmg is financial capital, both in the capital of the dangers we haven't seen, still optimistic about investment, did you know that the investment enables the vulture to sweeping across China's manufacturing industry is dying.
So you may ask me, Professor Lang This is not too pessimistic, the Chinese are manufacturing our own can not go on, and to foreigners to make money? If you have a similar idea is, you will not understand a capitalist country! Why do I say it as a socialist economist, but economists say the words of our socialist capitalist economists like. In fact wrong, I really grew up eating milk of capitalism capitalist economist, so I understand him very thorough, so I speak so because I understand socialism.You think about our China business no longer, take profit, don't you think foreigners operation? look down on others. When he acquired through the CBRC us these so-called unprofitable manufacturing, he will take you into the international division of the industrial chain. This is what I recently did a series of research, what is the international division of the industrial chain, that is, at the international industry chain real manufacturing is a piece of money, but to do this kind of purchase, storage, order processing, wholesale and retail of the whole industry chain is called soft ASP. International industrial chain division of labor is how going on? It was by nature soft triple profits, loss of a great hard-dollar losses and then a dollar, a dollar loss can not, how much can come back soft triple ah! The toy industry, for example, our ex-factory price of a Barbie doll a dollar, Wal-Mart in the U.S. retail price is 9. .99 Per U.S. dollar, then a dollar, raw materials accounted for 0. .65%, The production value 0. .35%, You not know how much money we can, one cent is quite a lot right. We are exploiting our workers to waste our resources. With such a cheap price of a dollar sell to the United States, his last with 9. Sell .99 to consumers, they swept through all of the profits. Our Minister of Commerce Bo Xilai raised against this phenomenon, a part of his views on the US-China manufacturing is not profitable, and through our sacrifice, give the Americans a European people enjoy our products, this is right.
But then you think you need to call? Is the United States do not know? You see him silly instead. You all know he does not know? How can that be? Do not they know that they purchase price is a dollar bill? Do not they know that our workers could hardly get any profit it? Does he not know 9. .9 It? Then, why continue to oppress us, to raise interest rates to improve the exchange rate, so that we are not the only penny we earn it. This is what I called the financial war.Its purpose is to let you down, you fail, we head for two Vulture practically put your acquisition, integration into the international industry chain inside, you lose money does not matter, soft ternary can earn back. Hard dollar, according to a recent study showed that the cost of raw materials, manufacturing cost can save 25%. We then keep our wages, lower raw material costs just put the whole industry chain go inside a little bit under 25% of the province, the real big are soft ternary..
Then this pattern is not our country now know. We continue to attract investment, the end result it is to hand over our foreign manufacturing. .
I call your attention, I speak of phenomenon has occurred, do you think we have the advantage of cheap labour, so that you're sadly mistaken! labor strengths up to make you hard dollar savings, up to 25% of the money, that's it. But the whole international industry Division, it profits from soft ASP. So recently in Shanghai to a foreign company, a company is Spain's ZARA, a home is a Swedish company H&M. ZARA80% of production in Europe, why didn't he come to China? we have a cheap labor? not to others. That does not matter! Important international industrial division of labor integration of the most important, ZARA in Europe, 80% of the production. His clothes do come out not only fashionable, stylish, trend, texture is good, there is also made in China cheaper than you. H & M cheaper and cheaper than ZARA 30% do not speak of his good coat texture, and fashion do not speak up, or international celebrities Madonna were designed. How much is a, you know? 500-800 1.What do you say we can manufacture of why people come out! at such a low price to enter China? that is the Division of the international industry, people began to soft three-way to profit. He passed the significant savings in soft-and hard dollar, so in order to profit of the highest and lowest cost into China. This is the beginning of 2007, we should pay close attention.
If we have any illusions on the cheap labor, then you're too pitiful. For example, we have two well-known companies started to fantasy, one that TCL's Li Dongsheng, the second is called Taiwan's BenQ BENQ, the two engage in internationalization. How engaging it? They want to take advantage of cheap labor with the foreign brands and technology, wants to go out, like international. Professor Lang's theory according to you will not succeed. Why? Unless you are into soft triple! You rely on hard-dollar Yen, as cheap labor can save up to 25% of the money.So you know that TCL cooperation as well as the acquisition of Alcatel-Lucent and French Thomson, BenQ acquires Siemens AG's mobile business, one or two years after thorough blowing. Why do you go out!, why not go out for a walk? because you business strategies are wrong, wrong, labor cost is not important! want to carry out international industry finally, give up, hard to soft-dollar to profit, this is internationalization.
How many companies know about this? We Tiantian Han's international investment and to actually hand over the entire industrial chain foreigners, we actually allow them to looting. Why do I say robbed us? I would like to ask you out of a farmer to make a note. You ask the farmer: How do irrigation? Before irrigation, farmers will tell you, open the gates prior to first dug ditches, the water introduced through the ditch where the need to be called irrigation water.If you're a fool not to pull the machine asks farmers, if I forget to dig ditches? farmers would scold you: you fool, you don't dig ditches, you open the gate, flood flooded the earth do not have good land were covered? farmers know, we have a lot of people don't know. You do not know what is internationalized? China currently implemented by the internationalization is to open the gate before they forget digging ditches, China is the internationalization of a ditch. What is conduit? legal rules of the game is called the ditch. So Ladies and gentlemen, we have had before international legal rules of the game it? We are an industry which has such legal rules of the game? Which we are not a hundred percent of the door to foreign investment come in! The end result is that foreign investors bring their soft triple advantage of a rules of the game is not legal in China, as flood overflow as fertile ground to China, the United States to completely invaded, this is the result of internationalization. .
This phenomenon is very important, according to McKinsey Company last year's predictions, five years after the occupation of foreign retail will be 80% of the Chinese market, ladies and gentlemen, such a hearing is not very happy Ah, good, Wal-Mart, Carrefour very good Ah, entering China, well-lit articles range, good service, low price items, like Carrefour, occasionally put up advertising: radius of 5 km, if the same goods you buy a cheaper, like several times in the post cover your loss. Something you do not know you! A good, to foreign yo, he swept China in what is good ah! For them, China is a paradise never legal rules of the game.When once they hit 80% of the retail market, you don't believe me the following prediction is that the monopoly of foreign retail business will jointly, the retail price is carried on the exploitation of consumers, push the producer the purchase price, the intermediate exploitation profits rapidly expanded, legitimate export to China, you believe it is our future, because our internationalization is a legalization of the internationalization of the rules of the game, so it must have been flooded our fertile fields. And our manufacturing sector is still a hard one dollar to return to the stage, people have begun to give up hard-dollar soft triple to profit, so he was relying on high-profit low-cost advantages of Sharu China, you will no resistance, because Before you forget international dug ditches, no way! ... ... This is my sixth about the crisis. .
Seventh after the crisis, further to the manufacturing of China's financial industry is the sweeping foreign capital. Financial reforms including exchange rate reform and the reform of the Bank. Here I would like to talk with you bank reform, we like so many banks such as HSBC, we all know that they do not know which company consultants? Morgan, Merrill Lynch, Goldman Sachs. These companies are the shareholders of the U.S. central bank, you know? We engage in banking reform even have to ask the U.S. central bank's shareholders to be our consultant, you say you are or how stupid it going too! He gave you a consultant help you plan aims to do what the U.S. central bank, or diagram help? I'll give you a data, the World Bank in 2000 out of a research report about the banking reform. You believe it or not engaged in banking reform in China all the relevant personnel had no one read this report, we are all imaginary banking reform, and they depend on the number of this report is to speak.They collected over the past 250 times worldwide banking crisis, he wanted to know how to reform the National Bank, research results are displayed: 250 times the banking crisis has 92 times can't find information, 141 times Governments including the United States, are helpless, 3 times the 14 deregulation.
That is 90% of the cases which governments do nothing, so the conclusions of the article is very interesting, it says: knitting groups around the world including the International Monetary Fund, World Bank, and the dean of major banks as well as academia, no one knows how to reform the bank. Since no one knows the whole world how to reform the Bank of China, how dare you change it? And your advisor are the shareholders of the U.S. central bank to help you do adviser, so what is your proposal to restructuring, listing.Restructuring and listing is very interesting, you have come from all over the country, from the northeast to Zhuhai, to any country you can see a Bank, its branches spread of is that you cannot imagine. I am also a bank customer, although construction Bank's service is very bad, not good, why I still use a branch of China Construction Bank?, this is more of his only reason.
Even if our government has completely open banks, so Citibank came in, he was unable to open so many branches, you need to know to open as many branches as the CCB, the number of flats to be rented. How much money do you want to put the hardware and software development, how much money, how much time to do the training, you know do not know under such a trip can not be done without a few trillion dollars. So how do they? So these smart advisers will not do so, he will ask you to China Construction Bank listed China Construction Bank as long as you listed, the U.S. bank to buy 20% of your shares, you earn all the branches he would take 20 %.At the same time, banks operating in China are monopoly monopoly operators to licence fees, bank fees, why not turn? because he is the State-owned banks do not have to pay licence fees. Your listing after selling it to Citibank, why don't you fee? he forgot that he doesn't know how to collect licence fees! so banks include Bank of America, and so on, can be the cheapest price, without paying licence fees of bulk purchase Construction Bank stock, all you have to do is buy a 20 per cent of all branches of the profit you want 20%. Take a look at the latest results. The reason the U.S. subprime losses a lot of money, they are very proud CEO said this week: we in the subprime losses far less than our investment in CCB. China Construction Bank in the amount of money then? Earned 130 billion! ! Then we level? Lou Jiwei our foreign exchange management in the United States under the administration of investment in Blackstone, suffered a heavy defeat, this is the level! ! Why do people know it, because the financial war has begun. The level of our financial war and 150 years ago, almost sword on the level of guns. .
You take a look at u.s. banks and Bank's story, and then look at Forex investment funds and Blackstone's story, a comparison between down and you'll suddenly see the light. Why the United States to force us banks on the market, because the market is the fastest shortcut to acquire banks in China. So we should obey! additional reforms known as the exchange rate float of I has always opposed such a reform, the reasons for this? because we have no talent in China!!, we Chinese might have many talents, but in terms of foreign exchange operations, I can say including lang myself, our country has a population of 13 million. How do you dare to open without expert float the yuan? Members of the ignorance in 1997, why Soros check Asia? Caused the Asian financial crisis. That is because the Asian asset bubble. In addition there were four little dragons of Asia outside the four tigers, a serious threat for Europe and the United States, so Soros began to check the Thai baht. Because the baht had just changed to a floating exchange rate, check down, the Asian countries, especially the tigers never break chance. They did not let Hong Kong, but also check in Hong Kong. .
Hong Kong was overvalued assets, stock market, property prices 18000 increased rapidly, and the entire asset appreciation scenario blocking $ is the best, they are also selling $ while selling what Hang Seng stock futures, to sell empty?, for example, the stock market today to a securities company lent a stock today assume 50 sell tomorrow, $ 30 stock price fell to me to buy back the stock back securities company, Carnival, and null. $ 50 to $ 30 per sale, buy, post earned $ 20. So the purpose of selling is to bet on your stock will fall. Foreign exchange is the same, what selling air? As a financial institution lending Hong Kong dollars to sell, come back tomorrow or the buy back him, meaning is the same. They also are short selling short Hong Kong dollar with the Hang Seng Index futures, when a large number of short Hong Kong dollar, the Hong Kong Monetary Authority sold HK, so the market was the lack of HK. Therefore, a substantial increase in bank lending rates, up to 200% of the lending interest rate. 200% of the lending interest rate we all know what the stock market to combat it? Stock price declines, fell from 18,000 points to 6660 points in 98 years, or two thirds of the market.But international speculators in advance a lot of selling the Hang Seng index futures, so make a two-thirds of the market value at the end of the day all of the people to pay, because of the collapse of the stock market, real estate also fell, George Soros, who swept away after leaving Hong Kong, so Soros oscillation arose. In 2006, as long as the Hang Seng index to 18000 points, it swings called Soros oscillation, the Hong Kong people to scare.
Why now to 30 000 points out? As domestic people confused, many ways from a lot of speculation in Shenzhen by Hong Kong stocks, took up the Hong Kong stock pull. Hong Kong people had suffered, to know! People do not eat domestic losses do not know, to make clear! Hong Kong's fixed exchange rate or the link is, and he was even worse if the floating exchange rate.That you know, why such a severe financial crisis, China spared? do you think is our leader Hideaki? no, but then we took two of the most ancient tradition, a fixed exchange rate system is another most important foreign exchange controls, since a fixed exchange rate and foreign exchange controls, protection of the Chinese, not because of our ability, but these two reasons.
In accordance with my story up, and if the international speculators to check the bubble in China today and the original Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand and Hong Kong, full of bubbles, the stock market bubble, property bubble, inflation, to check that the bubble economy, Like Hong Kong, like sweeping to sweep our wealth, and what method is best? That is the same as in Thailand, check floating exchange rate, it is best to check, and even the linked exchange rate of Hong Kong can check, let alone a floating exchange rate. This is also why the U.S. government continued to force causes the float of the RMB exchange rate. .
As long as the foreign exchange rate, with free access, coupled with the launch of the stock index futures, will enable Chinese financial markets fully exposed to the international speculator's block, and it basically we are fully equipped. We have a bubble, there is no inflation, there are! there is a stock index futures, hurry! have a floating exchange rate, and we are working to our Government as well as! we striving to become the people, I believe that in the near future we will give the international speculator, a very good opportunity for China to halt. We will wait and see! this is what I call the seventh of the economic crisis.
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Eighth crisis, January 2008, a number of foreign banks can begin business crises. Our Bank, lender customers much good customers? I give you a number, 10% other almost!?, dare not say all that many are cheats, including local government. How do they cheat? Got the money when the profits of dealing directly, many of our local government is so dry you do not! How many depositors good clients? 20% is quite a lot now! 80% What clients? That small people are our customers save today 100, tomorrow, 80 to mention that this client only increase transaction costs, banks can not make any of his money.Bank customers can really make money, is 20% of the customers, 20 great good deposit customers and 10 lucky money customer, do you think there is no possibility in January after a large number of transfers to a foreign bank? I dare say a Word, foreign banks have a benefit of national macro-time does not give you tighten, that he will not do. All of our domestic banks in the dry! If we all turn passed it? If this is a good deposit and good loan customers to switch later, it is called China's domestic banks to operate? Bank of the phenomenon of blood loss does not occur, the situation will be bad business will not happen? More seriously, what I stated before the series did not understand the international context, is not given further access to foreign banks domestic banks to participate in business opportunities? Therefore, beginning January 1 next year, foreign-funded banks to conduct renminbi business to China's financial system gave the eighth with a destabilizing factor.Of course we criticized when the first foreign banks, foreign investment and not in the request we'll open, gives us the three-year grace period.
We are doing three years, and you guess? We are all under the guidance of such a foreign consultant, went to the restructuring and listing. Do you have the most basic work of the bank do? What do banks and credit well, to improve the quality of banking services, has made the bank a real customer service platform. No! You do not! Engage in what, from top to bottom in full swing all the shareholders in accordance with the requirements of the U.S. central bank went to the restructuring and listing.These three years, our bank credit? service attitude? and the advantages and disadvantages compared to foreign banks stand! if you are a big clients, you may turn to foreign banks inside? do you know when you go to a foreign bank account benefits? you believe they immediately give you a world-ready diamond card or card you can save the Renminbi to Europe to the USA at the consumption, do you believe?!, they also need to open branch? because large customer base in the city, he grasped the Guangdong, Shanghai, Beijing, almost swept most of our customers the highest quality. He does not need to open branches, and open more branches open to remote areas, the more small customers are today, tomorrow, keep one hundred eighty mentioned, no one makes money. So they just send in the big cities to keep good service to continue encouraging Chinese banks to be listed, then they are the ultimate winners. And we are also working to help them complete their wishes. .
Summary. The eight crisis, I believe that I have won many of the end of 2007, you can see all of this, many of you don't understand, after today I Congress of the analysis of the crisis, I believe that you have already become crystal clear, this is today, China's economic crisis. As an independent scholar, I also hope that through this opportunity to express my ideas come out through the media, I think this is the purpose of the media exist, we do not need praises, we need to understand the international form as soon as possible! What is international understanding as soon as possible! For our government to our people to provide a different point of view and perspectives. I also hope that by I say eight crisis, put forward some reasonable management approach, which is with you today, I spent an hour talking to the ultimate goal, Thank you, just an hour! . .
Ranvier growth model: quality-driven market stock market economy.
"Virtual money" leads to the property market hot. .
Reporter: real estate market has become a social focus, I heard some say that China's House in 30 years will continue to rise, you agree with this view, the mainland prices soared to continue for many more years?.
Lang:. .
So to answer this question only: 30 years might grow, but my growth pattern and they speak different. I was the economic growth of the quality-driven market, they said what? "to promote the economic development of real estate. "Several cities invited me to lecture you about this issue. I told them that real estate is the essence of what is sure to economic development, you need to House, real estate. You look at history, which city as we promote real estate?. Real estate business is conditional, that is your economic environment, investment environment improves, people's standard of living, increased income, he needed a better house. So I say, a good economy can bring a good real estate. A good economy can bring a good stock. .
Reporter: skyrocketing prices for the Mainland's stock price, there are currently, experts say is a "liquidity", or "appreciation of the Renminbi to accelerate," it would be interesting to hear your views.
Lang:. .
I don't agree with excess liquidity, that is the foreign versions of textbooks, and brought to China cannot be used. Very simple, if there is excess liquidity, you can tighten macroeconomic regulation and to solve, but the actual situation, the more controlling prices rises, the price rises. I after several months of investigation and research, finally found the reason, the prices of the underlying cause is the supply side of the market, the demand side of excessive marketing seriously. What does that mean? Is the supply side, government monopoly, land development rights bank credit was largely in the hands of the Government, coupled with the long process of management of the property market, coupled with local land mentality of land prices. Look at the demand side, fully market-oriented approach, I call the "virtual money" rampage has caused the market "over." The two distorted form of our very special market, housing prices soaring, people can not afford a house, the original house was a "virtual money" bought. .
Reporter: "virtual money" means the quantity of what?.
Lang:. .
My research shows that the "virtual money" is the largest source of business environment, to a certain extent, has worsened, squeezing out the real economy of money a lot into the stock market. The second is black. Third pen is international. The last is the people's savings. These four funds into a worldwide unique "virtual money", how many of these funds is not good, but to be sure the first and second money is a "virtual money". Why China's property market so hot? Shenzhen housing prices break through 20,000 yuan, and how there are people to buy, this market is not crazy? This is driven by capital market is the "virtual money" led mainland property market hot. .
Reporter: If your "virtual money" for the Government to monitor how such "virtual money", you can reduce it?.
Lang:. .
"Virtual money" is essentially non-regulatory, control, it is not likely to disappear, why the profits in the stock market is now the property market is far higher than that of the manufacturing industry. This is the latest phenomenon in China. You ask a private entrepreneur, a recent business money, and he bought a villa which money? he would say that bought two years ago, in a blink of the luxury villa earned a $ 20 million. Why pork prices rose? according to my investigations, partly because the feed prices. Description of the pig farmer investment environment has a problem, he did not want to keep the little pig, he is more willing to pull out money to buy stocks. This mentality exists in all walks of life, is now increasingly difficult to do business, such as workers in hard to find, interest rates, exchange rate, inflation, he is not making money. In this case, many private entrepreneurs to give up some promising projects, and pig farmers as the money into the stock market, if we are to do so, you will find no profit support behind the stock Shang Zhang, Now that's a real bubble , inflation in this case there will be upside. .
Look forward to the "fair and just as the key" more seriously.
Reporter: The property market is different from the stock market, because prices are rising too fast, people have different views, you think the central government in the future will be what kind of real estate regulation and control policy? . .
Lang:.
I believe many people are curious, in the end I focus on the current economic view? Can tell you why the macro-control real estate in recent years has been little success, the more stressed the mainland housing prices higher? I am of the conclusion is that arising in the Mainland, a very peculiar "dual Jingji system" is at any time of economic "overheating" and "too cold" also exist, because local governments, "Yi Gang GDP 为", Zijin Du to Le " overheated "sectors, such as real estate, infrastructure, image engineering, steel and so on. "Cold" in most private enterprises, lack of funds, product shrinkage, such as pigs.Stock market reflects this duality differentiation, the most recent market shares soared, including real estate, steel and financing for the sector of Bank shares. Why every time the stock market will inevitably raise interest rates rose? "overheating" sector, just as they have no effect on a lot of money, but interest rates increased as a result, a further blow to the "too cold", so you can see the stock rose, don't think it is optimistic that more "virtual money" into the stock market, is our business environment deterioration.
Reporter: How to solve the current problems facing the real estate industry? Professor Lang able to open a prescription? . .
Lang:.
I frankly tell you, the real estate situation in our ideological roots in the "to money as the key link." "Economic construction as the center" of the idea, the mid 90s of last century misinterpreted by some as the "GDP as the key link", so the officer took over on the hard sell Di Zhi Hou, Jia Ge sell more higher. My personal view is that can not simply focus on the "money as the key link", but also should pay attention to "fair and equitable" to every people a point of balance.So I say, now the national fiscal policy has begun to people's livelihood, "to the fair and equitable to outline more attention", people will live in affordable housing, better disease, school, and got a break. Business environment better pig back, we offered will go, we have a good economy, China to move toward real market.
Reporter: real estate policy as a major public policy, do you personally feel what the future should be adjusted? . .
Lang:.
For most citizens, the house is definitely not a luxury, but necessities, people have the right to housing. "Home Ownership", which is testing the most basic standards of all real estate policies. China's Constitution stipulates that ownership of land, all belonging to the country people, so the State must first ensure that all citizens of the land the most basic needs of housing to meet this demand, the only talk about the market demand. I said, the mainland property market, the fundamental problem is a serious shortage of market supply side, demand side market seriously over.To solve the housing problem of most people, taking fully marketable way totally unfair, you supply side is the monopoly, the demand side should control the price. So China real estate policy objectives, resources configuration, dual system, should be taken to safeguard type housing, including low-cost housing, affordable housing, low-cost housing, etc..
Reporter: Hong Kong real estate problem is how to solve problems? . .
Lang:.
Including Hong Kong, the majority of countries and regions in the world, essentially two-track system, not simply to toss the majority of the housing market. For the small number of people with economic means, of course, by way of Gao Dangfang consumer market, the price the market to decide. .
In internationalization should dig ditches before the ".".
Reporter: China's economic opening and internationalization has become irreversible, the face of continuous appreciation of Renminbi, the influx of international hot money, the financial people like you how to treat it? . .
Lang:.
For the inflow of international hot money, I used to have spoken in Guangzhou, you expected him to break suddenly devalued, suddenly rise, you can stay for months, the international hot money would go. The Government should have this determination is more important is to have the ability to control and manipulation of foreign exchange. I dare say that we have 2000 the central bank economists, who know how much control foreign exchange. You just let the yuan float, the result will cause the aggregation of international speculators, engaged in floating exchange rate in developing countries is very dangerous, people have the opportunity to control your rate.I own the capitalist Economist, I should encourage financial liberalization? but I can't encourage, finance to steadily open error, because the financial and industrial, agricultural, financial policies, as long as there was an error in the morning is several tens of dollars of losses. This is not a theory, we are now the most missing is the ability of the person.
Reporter: From the international industrial sector, to finance the development of foreign trade and economy, the internationalization of Chinese enterprises development in the end what? . .
Lang:.
Hard to say that we truly international enterprise in China which one. Our company has several bottlenecks, hard to break the traditional industries, product homogeneity serious, there is no technical barriers, the key is not international way of thinking. TCL to international, want cheap labor in China, with foreign brands and technology, but it is already obsolete, thinking too much behind. We want to go out of business, the Haier bid for Maytag (sound) failed, CNOOC acquisition of Unocal failed. Why not a takeover of Unocal? U.S. Congress to block.Do you think he is a genuine neoliberal state? unconditional access to foreign enterprises of China. He is a political intervention in your business, this is the international politics. You go out only to find that you don't know the international market, just don't know what they are playing.
I will give you a terrorist phenomenon, you have to buy others, they allow the acquisition, but others come to buy you, you have to agree. Now the United States, Europe, the industrial capital, financial capital, as two large vultures, over the stock market in China, eyeing looking at our domestic business, our manufacturing enterprises, export-oriented enterprises are very good in the world . The U.S. government continued to put pressure on you, so you keep the RMB appreciation is the appreciation of what results? He step by step to feed your profits, he will bring us into his business on the world industrial chain link.You are the manufacturing industry, it is hard to earn $ 1, he earns $ 10 is soft.
Reporter: From the international background of view, we face the reality of the problem? . .
Lang:.
We should be digging ditches before internationalization, this is our weakest. Even the farmers are aware, before the water gate open, You have to dig ditches, the water along irrigation canals leading to the field called, otherwise it will overwhelm our farmland. What is the nature of capitalism? Is not a democracy, freedom, parliamentary constitution, the essence of capitalism is the draconian laws, is legal.Our "internationalization of the ditch" is also the rule of law, this will not only limit the Government's actions, but also to monitor the behavior of all people, all people have to comply with the legal community, only one of the penalties under the rule of law, opening up and the market economy. Originally we open for 20 years, busy until later discovered that forget digging ditches. In the international industrial capital, financial capital came in, how do we control him according to law, let him free to plunder? We used to attract foreign investment and export is a myth, the local governments to attract investment can not pay the high costs, including environmental pollution, not only GDP on it. China is a resource poor country, dare to export coal, which is one of our error. The end is the education of our farmers: Floods spread to farmland are flooded. .
August 23, lang Professor once again surfaced, on China's Economic Outlook, this reporter's interview about China's economic reform and the future of the heavyweight topic path. Current conversation, let us close this low for a long time remained "lang whirlwind".
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"Virtual money" push up the real estate bubble.
The accumulation of more than 100 seal caused a very large rent-seeking space, pulled up the housing costs. "Virtual money" into the stock market, stock market bubbles have entered the property market, property market another bubble. Excess liquidity can be controlled through macro-control, but the "virtual money" is just the opposite, the more macro-control, more investment will fight, we squeeze out more "virtual money." .
Reporter:.
Recently, the Chinese economy the real estate bubble, the stock market bubble, Students Employment, and the problem of rising prices of agricultural products. How do you see? . .
Lang:.
29 years of reform and opening up of China, which aims to implement the market. However, a number of reforms in China up to today, the market is basically a serious shortage of the supply side, while the demand side market seriously over. I have to the people most concerned about housing reform, medical reform and education reform as an example. .
The so-called "market supply shortage of market" refers to the property market in the supply side is basically in the hands of local government, so the market is low. The three characteristics of the real estate: one, two major core resources — land exploitation rights as well as bank loans. These two powers is basically in the hands of local authorities, government officials will have the possibility of "rent-seeking". Second, the real estate market in the long process management. From project initiation to final sales at least 100 more link, this link will be stamped with the seal of the more than 100 of the accumulation resulted in very large-seeking space, elevating the cost. Third, under the so-called open bidding, land prices and lead to increased construction costs. These three factors of land costs increased substantially. .
However, such an expensive housing, and why people would buy it from our real estate needs, what funds to purchase real estate. First, because China's investment environment, making private entrepreneurs should invest money without investing a lot of accumulation. According to my research shows that our private entrepreneur's willingness to invest less than 20% of the advanced countries, 80% of idle money gone?, secondly, the corruption of the huge bribes; end go? it will not disappear in the abstract. The third is international. Fourth, people's savings. The four sum becomes absolutely unique collection of "virtual money." .
My research shows that the deterioration of the local investment environment formed by the first instalment of the capital and the corruption of the second funding constitutes the main part of the virtual capital. "Virtual money" into the stock market, stock market, there is foam, enter the property market, property prices and foam. This "virtual money" has resulted in the real estate market "demand side" too, so the two distorted market phenomenon tangled together makes the possiblity that people no longer have to buyers.
As in other areas of reform, such as health care reform on the supply side problems are lack of market, because many parts of the private hospitals and local governments linked to monopolize the market, if allowed free pricing of private hospitals, it is the demand side of the market over the formation of monopoly pricing two intertwined market distortions, the people of coverage they had. .
The same problem also appears in the field of education. The vast majority of Chinese University control in the hands of the Government and included in the budget, the supply side of the Government of the University is, therefore, monopolization of the market, once allowed to raise fees at the University, and the demand side market too monopolistic pricing, poor children will not read books.
Reporter:. .
How to enter the real estate market supervision and regulation in the "virtual money"?.
Lang:. .
"Virtual money" is essentially non-regulatory, unpredictable and uncontrollable, that is to be traced, shadowless. I'm about to go to Chengdu in April this year. Chengdu related Department told me that house prices in Chengdu is 5 RMB per square meter. I asked: do you estimate the proportion of foreign capital to buy? at the relevant parts of the answer is: probably 50%. In may, I went to a lecture in Chongqing, Chongqing municipality only price of 2900 Yuan per square meter, and the proportion of foreign capital and only 10% of the purchase. I pointed out in his speech of Chongqing rates there are currently no foam. However, the final speech, I reminded the audience that is: Although there is no bubble, but as long as the "virtual money" entered the real estate market in Chongqing, prices will bubble immediately. Voice did I hear, ringing in our ears, Chongqing City recently proposed a concept of the urban and rural SAR, the SAR out of the concept of a large number of "virtual money" immediate influx of almost one month, prices rose by 10%. .
Therefore, China's real estate market's supply side weak because of the "three factors" construction cost increases, and the demand side of the strong is a lot of "virtual money". Because of these factors and macroeconomic regulation and control of financial variables are not relevant, so it is very difficult to control through the macro-control of the supply side of the market, and the demand side of excessive marketing seriously. This is why macroeconomic regulation and control of repeated failure. 值得 remind is that this "virtual money" and most people are talking about the mobility of excess Bu Tong, Yin Wei excess liquidity available through the macro-control and Shoudaokongzhi, Dan Shi "virtual money" Gang Hao contrary, the more macro-control, the more Dajitouzi will, to squeeze out more "virtual money." .
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The main crux of the problem is "money (GDP) as the key link." .
A local government leadership came into power, he could not do anything, as long as the sale of land. Manufacturing is not required at the University. In most of the time, China's economy is overheating and cold at the same time exist.
Reporter:. .
Different areas has had a lot of "squeezing virtual money," the same results. It is our policy design problems or ideas executed on bias?.
Lang:. .
"Money (GDP) as the key" mentality led local governments interested in land sales. A local government leadership came into power, he could not do anything, as long as the sale of land. Selling a piece of land GDP goes up, if you sell, the higher prices, GDP increased, leading to personal achievement but also better. This is why many local governments actively selling land, and only care about their own revenue full fiscal surplus, people are indifferent to the demands of the housing.
Now to the hospital, some doctors in the first sentence is not what you are born sick, but how much money you bring? According to how much money you bring to your treatment. The reason this question, or because of "money for the program" the concept of mischief. Even if the patient because the death of coverage, many hospitals do not care that he made money like. Similarly, the University is raising charges of "money as the key link." The money gone? How the students read the book can not afford to do? Poor children to study hard no one concerned about these issues. .
In addition, the Chinese College students four years why domestic employment difficulties? experts made a lot of error analysis, including professional no counterpart, the real reason is because the United States, Hong Kong, China is a service-based national and regional services is the real needs of students and industry. But China is manufacturing States, many labour-intensive manufacturing has been from the Chairman of the Board to watch, may not have a college student. Because of the nature of the manufacturing industry is not required, the services of University students is required at the University. In the reform of "money as the key link" concept, the University combined enrollment increases in charges, not only blocked the children of the rural poor the opportunity to go to school, but also many university graduates can not find something to do. .
Moreover, local-government focus on improving the ratio of investment in GDP, particularly in infrastructure and real estate investment, as a result, its corollary is that our society's resources to reverse some specific sectors. These include real estate, State-owned enterprises, iron and steel sector, infrastructure, image engineering, performance engineering, etc., ironically, these sectors are basically allow the local government is prone to corruption. The extensive resources of the Department, other departments would lack funding. While most of these other sectors is a private enterprise.
Therefore, China's economy had a very special "dual economy." That is, at any time, China's economy is overheating and cold the same time. China's current stock market also reflects this dual polarization, the recent surge in large cap, large cap, including those with the overheated sector-related industries, such as real estate, steel, and the financing for these overheated sectors, the banking sector, etc. The cold sector, the stock becomes relatively and weak. .
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Beyond the macro-control to be out of the economy. .
Interest rates increased as a result, a further blow to the "cold" economy, making business more deterioration of the environment, and then squeeze out a lot of "virtual money" into the stock market or a market, and that is why the Government's macro-am, PM's stock price has risen sharply in..
Reporter:. .
Our current monetary, fiscal and other macro-control policy in links should be control of the economy overheating tendencies. "The dual economy" existence makes macro target discount?.
Lang:. .
The inevitable result of the dual economy is macro failure and inflation.
First, why macro not working? 0 if the bank raising interest rates. .25%, This increase is not going to impact on the overheated sector. "Overheated" sectors so "hot" because it "with money as the key link", which would like to promote the rise in GDP. Even if your interest rates so high, a large number of these departments will still borrow money. Overheated sectors continue to expand, but "cold" the departments suffer, "cooling" of the sector are mostly private enterprises, their funding is not state-owned banks, most of them are underground financial. Underground finance rate is very efficient.According to my research shows that the interest rate on the ground floor of finance is four times higher than official rates. When central banks raise interest rates 0. .25 percentage points, the interest rate should increase civil society 1%. Interest rates increased as a result, a further blow to the "cold" economy, making business more deterioration of the environment, and then squeeze out a lot of "virtual money" into the stock market or a market, and that is why the Government's macro-am, PM's stock price has risen sharply. In the binary system, a rise in interest rates, the "hot" sectors more heat, "cold" sector. Macro-control fail, it is for this reason.
The second result is that we are most concerned about inflation. China's grain harvest last year, according to economic theory, agricultural harvest, grain and oil prices should be down, but in January this year, grain and oil price rises of 10% to 20%. The real reason is because a lot of resources have been misled to overheated sectors, so "cold" sectors lacking funds. The Government must issue additional notes, and additional notes resulted in general inflation. .
I would like to pork prices, for example to explore the essence of pork prices rise. The reason is simply two: first, feed prices. Second, the classical swine fever. "Occurrence of classical swine fever," is the local Government of dereliction of duty, since the swine fever not by farmers to prevention, we must rely on local government authority for prevention of disease. Due to the pig farmer households is a sense of private entrepreneurs, the occurrence of classical swine fever, feed prices led to "the continuing deterioration of the investment environment." So for a small pig farmers, swine fever and out-feed prices made his investment in the deterioration of the environment. So, in case of deterioration of the investment environment of their money will become "virtual money." Therefore, after the slaughter of pigs, on a "no follow-up pig" phenomenon. Private entrepreneurs do not pig, then pig money gone then? Pig-raising households out of funds, the formation of "virtual money" to enter the property market into the stock market. .
Reporter:.
Then, in the current macro-control adjustment available means, we how to resolve the economic field "Enthusiasm," the contradictions? . .
Lang:.
China to resolve the economic problem must be resolved out of the economic cycle, which is outside the truth skill in poetry, we must return to a "fair and equitable as the key link to" line up. The meaning of fair and equitable is not paid the same as everyone, but to give each an equal footing people. That is, people have every right to housing, the right to see a doctor, school rights and the right to retire.What is the society? "is definitely not for the money as the key concept of the so-called" per capita of $ is called a well-off society, but rather each people lived on affordable housing, affordable learning, better disease, can you afford to sue society is a society. Only on the basis of fair and equitable to inheritance "by Mr. Deng Xiaoping for economic development as the Center" concept, and continue to open up China's reform and opening up to the second stage of economic development. It can be compared to launch a rocket, the first section of rocket fuel must be thrown away after use, to light the second road rocket, but its purpose is to further economic development.
Now, the natural environment we live in deteriorating, our traditional ethics are constantly missing. .
Therefore, the General Secretary Hu Jintao put forward by the "scientific development view" and "harmonious society" at the moment looks. Because "the scientific development concept," is give us a suitable habitat for the natural environment, and the "harmonious society" will be give us a suitable habitat for the social environment. Remember last August I lecture in Hefei, the onsite audience reaction let me moved. I asked aloud the scene more than a thousand guests, "You want to have a go to school, live in private housing, seek care, retirement can afford to break off a just and fair society?" "Do you want to live in a scientific concept of development goals established by the natural environment, to build a harmonious society as the goal by the social environment? "thunderous applause from the audience, I moved all of us people are looking forward to President Hu Jintao at the core of leaders to create a new era. .
See pork prices through meditative upwards, we are trapped in a cage, cement earn not sa day Nova two dates of grass-roots, I'm afraid it is later and eat both meat is not on, see also ran on pigs.
Some scholars would say that the dead do not eat pork? Do not look at the dead pig run will it? You can not let the government do things that "beef noodles limit 2 5, any price up to heaven" and "polio-like Scrapped" acts instead. Loss you're Chinese! To understand the Government to understand the state share those concerns. Look just like the Patriots have not the slightest adulterate the circumstances, he was pure, noble, refined ... .... .
Like the destroyed House money by herself, this is not a "big" Choi Chi lax, I do not believe that — even pork must which to buy a House. To "destroy family money by herself" without the "home" can be destroyed, and want to do "House poor" but, really like the LU Xun "want to be slaves and not" strange spectacular!.
I am not a football fan, but the ball inadvertently read several children, all of a sudden from his admiration with the "forward-looking vision" to a: a share those concerns for the country's "big idea" to eat pork in the background of the times will not become a reality, the more and more with the times, the reality and feasibility of the. .
Why not put the football into a pig farms?!.
Standard 11 football fields every 7140 square meters, standard 5, 7 soccer has 800,2800 square meters, then the number of large and small football country, one can see from the area and how many dependents pig then? I eat pork much, mathematics has always been good, not to calculate. The pitch did not say how much of each provincial land (land Jingui nowadays, let alone land on the same GDP as the balloon, "Hu Hu to fly"), to how much real money to build stadiums, and kind of a "luxuriant luxuriant meadows, "but also to feed the number of children playing it? This cost is certainly not the price of pork can be compared. .
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If these pitches are changed to pig farms, investment funds play football in a fraction of the investment to piglits are, that would be such a sight? what the world will become "revolutions"! lovely pig infants were lush lawn sahuan, eating delicious but not a big feed, long the carefree! they are certainly very pleased and will definitely be my sincere praise this wonderful new life "our litters are the gardens ...", they must also have a grateful heart, not as individual play as ingratitude ungrateful children.
The court of the land size and capital investment to the livestock industry and going, think about it, and then think about how many pigs to meet market needs Yeah! Source abundance of pork, and pork prices will rise higher and higher it? The study of economics do not know. .
Pork, pork prices down, people don't panic, we also have a safe Foundation. When football pig became an industry, we can issue A "fat pig" and "lean pig unit H-share" the Shanghai stock index certainly break 8000 points; then we play, play IPO financing. "Earn money" foreigner, "earn money" alien, more passion! "to the football field to go to the" pig will be Bill Gates to abandon Microsoft · sonorous and aspirations.
Football pig may also make smart investors to give up chemical plants, paper mills, printing, sand washing plant and other heavy polluting enterprises in the investment and operation, rotating the pig. Can not solve the environmental problems that need to worry! Subsequently clear water of the Taihu Lake, Chaohu Lake clear water, and Dianchi Lake, the water is also clear up ... .... .
Football field pig can enrich our cultural and entertainment industries. Through the careful organization build masters and operations, we can enjoy the wonderful day piggy entertainment.
Zhu Er SHOW a rich cultural feast.Pigs have not so many flowers in the intestines, their goal is to "run" to a happy, healthy, healthy running the SHOW! — that's when the "Super sows" instead of "Super girl" has boar "happy", there is no need to look at the "happy boys", "good, boar" abandoning "good man" and the "I ran my thin", who also read "I type my show" ... little pigs have put seriously, that is the feeling of no longer have to SHOW for those selected, what sick brush, forgery, dry howl, soppy, dueling ... all gone, leaving only sincere and happy . .
WA ... I've good clean, warm night good, boar have really great!.
Enough food to eat pork, and pigs running enough to read, need it? . .
Near the River, at the end of the Qing dynasty Haiyan slightly. More grass roots they finally can get down to work, consider how to do a "House poor".
Zhuangzi said: "perfect person not already, reactive power of God, saints unknown" - skilled are forgotten self, forgotten exploits of God, saints forget fame and fortune. .
Zhuangzi is greatest in the history of China "to the people" and "God," "saints".
1, typical character Zhuangzi. .
Zhuangzi's neglect of oneself, a butterfly to prove it--Zhuangzi dreamed the butterfly, butterfly beauty so flight ..., but woke up, got his dream of a butterfly or moth he dreamt of.
Zhuangzi advocated "Two things I forgot," "Oblivion," "almost forget things, forget almost Heaven" and "forget oneself", asking people to not run rapidly, and remove the wisdom, forget body, discard knowledge, to reach Heaven Hop a realm. .
Zhuangzi advocating "independence to independence", "independence between heaven and Earth," and "the spirit of the Earth," and "tour is dirt outside the realm of pure", and managed to do in practice, a "dwelling of the deep forest, rivers and Lakes of floating" hermit high people.
Zhuangzi has long seen through a dim view of the life and death. He said: "Health is attached to redundant hanging warts, warts must die for the collapse carbuncle." In other words, life is like a body length of the boil, is excess burden, dead square as a release. Chuang Tzu to see skeletons, Q: You are homicide or suicide, of hunger or freezing to death of? Skeleton tomb by to Zhuangzi said: You said life is a drag, there is no such a death. Zhuang Q: also your life, OK? Skull wrote: Do not! . .
Zhuangzi will die, the disciples said to funeral teacher, Chuang rejects road: Heaven and Earth is my coffin grave, dragons and things are buried with jewels, so more disciples advised: fear the Eagle eat your meat, Zhuangzi said: in the restaurant on the Eagle, the next was the ants do the same!.
Such a state of superb, and the world a few people can do? Zhuangzi also called eternal perfect person! . .
Second, the man of Chuang Tzu.
Zhuangzi also to transcendent God speaks for itself. He said: Hakaya in the distant mountains, a man of God live. His skin as white as snow, grace graceful as a virgin, did not eat human grains, food drink dew wind, clouds, Free Estate moon, while Mercedes-Benz tour in outer space. ("Despise Hakaya mountain, God Habitat Yan, skin if ice and snow, mud about if the daughter, did not eat grains, suction drinking dew. By clouds, Royal Dragon, and travel outside the almost universal"). .
Zhuangzi not only say aloof and do thou. He lives in seclusion, bitter wrote Sandals tatami mats, and sold, often relying on a living through chestnut, even in see is amazed when wearing the patches patched clothes, but when the King asked him to do his Prime Minister, Zhuangzi rejected, he said: I'd rather play on the grass in Ze sludge himself, not like some countries had to fulfil a role in my life, not to fast in my heart!.
Zhuangzi have a good friend called Hui Shi, Hui Shi was a famous philosopher is, he did King Hui of the prime minister, because it leaves out Zhuangzi, Chuang Tzu For so the community has replaced the prime minister, rumors. Hui Shi asked about this, Zhuangzi said: you smell like rotten owl dead Picking up a mouse, see Bird flying, that I want to seize your carrion, will keep his head and shouting. The words, Hui Shi shame. .
On another occasion, is amazed to Hui Shi a big block, and useless, Keiko's distress, Zhuangzi advised him to hoist line in the body, of his retirement to floating in the river and Lake.
Chuang Tzu is a true man of God, also! . .
Third, the Sage Zhuang Zi.
Zhuangzi in the turbulent Warring States period, when the moral collapse of the value of the disintegration of feudal infighting, there were corpses everywhere, Chuang Tzu wrote: present and killed by another pillow membership, to be hanged were arranged in rows, were killed by cervical extension of the sea. Moreover, the monopoly of truth to those in power: "punish those who steal hook, usurp state power are the feudal lords of Righteousness Cunyan door." In Chuang Tzu's eyes, this is a "virtue of non-coated, natural sheer Fan," "shameless person rich" social evil. Reality can only lead to him all the mental pain, he laments: "Man of the students, and worry about all students."Therefore, the "final" to seek, to find the man has lost all of the "old" jiuguo.
Zhuangzi request "Return of the Park," to keep life simple, human truth, against the external substances, fame and life unburdened and alienation, he said: the world of people outside of the material to change its nature - villain die Lee, intellectuals were killed; her husband's death to martyrdom home to die martyrs saints the world. What they are doing different, but they are ruining nature! Chuang Tzu said: people were enslaved by foreign objects, the heart driven by the body for life to run around without fruit, tired tired and I do not know the purpose of life, such a person is too sad! . .
Zhuangzi considered, big and small, long and short, beauty and ugliness, and, and no, this clarification, the concepts of life and death from the height of the universe to see are equivalent, "everything". He said: Heaven and Earth on one element only, all no more than a horse (which is famous for the then proposed the "White Horse" and said); said: call me a horse, compared with horses, cattle call while I was for the cow! All boundaries, standards, metrics are artificial, there is no absolute thing - everything you look at it as "large" is large, look at it as a "small" when is small, look at it as "yes" there, see it as a "no" when no, see it as a "yes" is to see if it is "not" when the non-, no difference in principle.Zhuangzi metaphor that Mount can also be viewed as "small", because there are millions of times bigger than it; at the end of Act can also be seen as a "great" because there are so many things. Zhuangzi the difference between all things are seen as much ado about nothing, he said: This art That, Biji this also goes to a right and wrong, He is also a right and wrong; health or death, death or health; the length of life is relative, is said to live PANG 800 years old, but he and turtle, Trance does not belong to the short-lived compared to it? Shows that if a person can eliminate the hearts of more and less, life and death, and I with non-line between external things, then he was able to obtain absolute "happiness" and a spirit of free, reserved, fame and fortune "saints . " .
Not only is the Taoist Chuang synthesizer, the ancient Chinese in the spirit of landscape painting, pastoral tutor, the greatest romantic thinker and essayist, fabulist and modern culture and philosophy, the forerunner of modern Existentialism. Japanese author of Zhuangzi — ancient Existentialist, "a book.
Wei-zai, Chuang Tzu! (Hu Xingdou). .
· Coco Chanel No not only changed women's temperament, gave them a world of selling, Subversion history of perfume perfume manufacturing.
Chanel No. 5: inspire your dreams. .
20 years of the 20th century, close to 40 of Coco Chanel No step into the glorious life ·, careers. She Kang Bong Street store has been operating for 10 years, always good business. In fashion, fashion Chanel No design with simple, easy to embody the curved lines, action, daring. Chanel No fashion with its designers, is full of charm. If Paul · Poire let women thrown away corset, able to breathe, is to let the woman of Chanel No has toured for free.
Elegant idea. .
Chanel No view, life is wild, solid land, leather boots, knitted tight underwear, waterproof material, as well as stained glass ornaments; elegant stemmed from simple, women should not be dressed like a vase or a Christmas tree; charismatic than luxury clothing important.
Chanel launched the campaign in the fashion spread of literature and art, music, painting industry and construction sector. If there is a window opened, the good times are out of date (the first years of the 20th century) - Niuniunienie, length skirt and an ornate accessories, etc. are swept away by strong winds blowing through every corner. Chanel a place in the fashion industry, she is considered not only out of the Auvergne volcanoes. .
After the first world war was a period of Chanel No tragic period. In 1919, and her lover-Bois · Cappel weapon ever. In order to Chanel No freed from pain, her friends — Marcial and Jose · Seth took her to Italy. Chanel No trip met Russian Prince Dimitri, a new romance began.
By Dimitri, Chanel know 埃内斯特博, whose fate touched her. Bo was born in Moscow, his father was French, he lived several years in St. Petersburg for the Czar develop perfume. During the First World War, Russian troops as the Allies with the effectiveness of Bo. A summer expedition to the Arctic experience left a deep impression to Bo, he told said: "The midnight sun shone, rivers and lakes emit a very fresh smell.". .
After the birth.
埃内斯特博 will not forget after the birth of Chanel No. 5. The perfume industry was not as outdated as the fashion industry. Those years, Gerlan family ("Guerlain" the founder of the brand) has been brought to the perfume industry breeze wisp 1899, 艾梅盖尔兰 the first to mix up the natural flavor, made the first paragraph true fragrance - "Ji Qi." .
The first world war and after the Bolshevik revolution, Ernest · Bo can't go back to Russia, including the La provides to the Czar "perfume perfume factory curaray". He assured the manufacturer Cotti presented a proposal, but the latter have been rejected because it cost too expensive, Chanel No express interest: "your plan your? Jasmine flavor? well, despite the courage to do it. I want to be the world's most expensive perfume. "Ernest · Bo to Chanel No two series of perfume samples, # from 1 to 5 and from 20 to 24. Chanel No. 5 chosen, and 埃内斯特博 said: "What are you going to give it the name of it? Altogether a good call on the 5th. Another are May 5 - 5 of the year months, 5 days a new family of clothing. ". .
Less is more.
Chanel's innovative spirit is also reflected in the perfume bottle, according to the "less is more (Less is more)" principle. At that time crystal glass perfume bottle is, and Chanel chose a boxy flat bottle, just like men's travel size perfume bottles, as very easy to use, it had a label written in black and white, simple that the label on the same pill is no different. .
Chanel No mind strong minded. In order to ensure the success of Chanel No 5, her first few perfume to several friends and make them believe that this is the one she forgot the name of a small perfume shop. In State Street's shop, the shop also has a number of Chanel No 5 sprays. The customers are attracted by this kind of smell, to purchase, but was rebuffed in Chanel No with: "I don't sell perfume. "During this period, Ernest · Bo to contact production aspects. Everything arranged, they wasted no time to tell of Chanel No customers: "in order to meet your requirements, I can sell you a bottle. ”。.
Initially, Chanel No. 5 only boutique in Paris, where sales advanced. In addition, there are other concerns Bo: perfume bottle perfume sometimes loose screw will flow out of, or the bottle will break, therefore, must be strictly industrial production, not only in the hand workshop production. Lafayette department store founder 泰奥菲勒巴 Dell recommends Chanel Please call the real experts. In 1924, Chanel and Bourjois perfume company - Wertheimer brothers and cooperation, the establishment of the Chanel perfume company, 埃内斯特博 as the company's technical guidance. .
Addition of Chanel No 5, Ernest · Bo also developed other 3 still in sale of perfumes; in his later, Chanel No perfume company technical guidance has two present-day Taiwan. However, regardless of all the products in Chanel No, or in the entire history of perfume manufacturing, Chanel No 5, has always been a "special case". Since 1978, has served as the technical guidance of Chanel No perfume company · Jacques polge said: "If there is no other Chanel No 5, perfume will not be like this. Chanel No 5, opened a new road, it brings to the perfume industry revolution comparable to painting in the territories of the stimulatory revolution abstract art. ”。.
Chanel No. 5 is unique, but also diverse, as each woman, after wiping the smell of it not the same, which is why every man in the woman who loved him smell the smell of Chanel No. 5 when , will be the reason it touched their hearts. .
Lang, he was in Shanghai at the beginning of the financial TV shows because of sudden break Putonghua, the excuse is not standard. Now he road, Shanghai Municipal Party Committee, the truth is that some people see him going to ask for Social Security Fund and other scandals, he immediately ordered a comprehensive ban.
Recently, the Shanghai social security fund has been diverted due to collusion exposed major corruption exposed, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Professor Lang is also breaking the silence, the disclosure of the leadership of Shanghai Municipal Party Committee earlier this year banning order he was "busy Lang Financial Review on" TV program insider. .
Lang pointed out that the program is shut out early on and had arranged to broadcast to reveal the existence of Shanghai social security fund. The last one and a half years of uninterrupted leaderheads pure financial programs, entirely because of Shanghai municipal leaders see lang spicy comments pointed to the businessmen, ordered between corruption and even show off all the dissolution of the group. Half a year later, in an interview with Asia week lang was down in response to the show says: "the reason that I am not standard Mandarin is false, the contents are really banned. "However, the details are not disclosed, but this time the first time revealed the truth. The following are the main content: access.
Why do you still come out to speak for themselves? . .
Recently, Shanghai has mortgage out corruption case, I am being responsible is to tell the truth, it's time to let the Central and the public look at Shanghai system officials and civil forces fall is how rampant collusion, how to, how the State, the wrong people. Shanghai propaganda officials this objectively favours corrupt actions that harm the interests of the people of Shanghai, I absolutely cannot be tolerated any longer, and thus make the disclosure.
Why would quiet? . .
At that time, I do not judge the situation to the announced time, not so hidden, by default the "Mandarin said enough standard gateway program" reasons.
What's going on inside information how? . .
To block this program really sparked my before and continued in 2005 in the programme in the social security fund is the ordinary baomingqian, cannot be used for any other purposes, and therefore attracted the attention of Shanghai corruption forces.
I plan in January, when broadcast on three episodes, first episode of the Fujian Province delegation who Zhan States set up private hospitals in Shanghai, the big scandal, episode, Zhou Zhengyi, I request the Central Government extradition back to Hong Kong for trial, I think its significance is much greater than the case itself. From the point of punishing criminals should be extradited Zhou Zhengyi; from a deterrence point of unscrupulous traders in Hong Kong, should be extradited Zhou Zhengyi; from the love of Hong Kong, should be extradited Zhou Zhengyi; strict law enforcement image from the set point of the mainland, should be extradited Zhou Zhengyi; From the perspective of the test in Shanghai, Zhou Zhengyi should extradition. .
The third set programmes going on Shanghai 32 million social security funds misappropriated insider, I was planning on the Regal Zhangrongkun's road to riches. In 2002, before the picture is just a engaged in food manufacturing, furniture manufacturing, anonymous General merchants, but this year he suddenly to $ 32 billion RMB (US $ 400 million), a huge amount of money on acquisition of the "Shanghai express" company Shanghai segment operating nine percent of the equity investment in the next 50 billion bought "Ka-gold operation high speed" and become one of the usufruct, 2004 China Regal first 40 bits. The program would like to explore his money come from inside. According to the news at that time, I talk about the program and the Inside Story of the Social Security Fund has been ready to come out. I reported these programs to a program group, the first episode aired, I have heard the news, Shanghai officials are to respond, on the one hand Paul Zhou Zhengyi, on the one hand we must do everything possible to turn off my program, I fear to influence public opinion. .
Jennifer countries involved in corporate scandals?.
Zhan country groups criticized the program aired in January, Zhan States Mission to expose this man great and powerful, buttoned the Shanghai public security units and health units and officials, in fact, many officials in Shanghai buttoned. It can be said that almost all private hospitals in Shanghai are these people hold, or have participated, and their management style and medical practices of the poor so I was shocked. For example, people frequently said that sexually transmitted diseases, including, as the patient's identity and other charges, said to the sick without disease, such as deliberately delaying disease, these means can be said to be surprised by. Readers may ask, so evil in the private hospitals in Shanghai for survival? . .
News is how to get it?.
Zhan groups around the country who report to me. Zhan country group I ready to leave this bad situation, fled stall in Shanghai, because of his conscience, but also often go to Mount Wutai pray forgive his crime, think It's really sad for the Buddha, but also to deal with such scum. I decided to poke the hornet's nest, is that the community is too corrupt, even local leaders to fight reform, despite the name, and unscrupulous businessmen working hand in glove, do whatever they want. The private sector and officials of corruption and depravity are things I am most saddened that this is what I previously published in the Asian Weekly "vigilance within the system of corruption and degeneration of the vicious civil interaction" why. .
After response?.
I thought Jane looked at my show national group, will escape the same night, the Shanghai people can be off hard. But I ignored the group and Shanghai Chan countries the influence of corrupt officials, he not only did not flee, but buttoned leadership, the episode was the night that Party propaganda officials in charge of blame, inactive, and warned the government program group, not to talk about Any issues related to reform, in particular, and the Shanghai municipal government and municipal-related topics.When you know that I am going to appeal to the extradition of criminals and Zhou zhengyi back to Hong Kong, as well as disclosure diverts the social security fund in Shanghai, the more interested, it ordered the CPC program, and the command kill SMG group as well as the business to take up actions and asking them to bear all the consequences. Finally, in February, the complete closure of the programme.
You feel the pressure? . .
"Financial review" lang free TV down after someone to defend Shanghai corruption forces to begin further pursuit. Take the cultural revolution, rumor, defamation and I said I was Chen Shui-bian of Taiwan's spies. In fact the readers to see, I have since 2001, many times the author criticized Taiwan society without discipline and industry policy failures, more times condemned Taiwan independence elements would miss the island. I really don't understand why these individuals can empty fanged disinformation. They can't use normal people to understand the mentality of a scholar's conscience? I have some ugly phenomena on the Mainland, just show me love on this community. In order to position, I immediately released in the first month 15 "New Year's reflections," the article: I am not opposed to reform, but I suggest that the choice of reform path reflection, I formally to herself as "reform reflect 派." .
Scholars condemn me.
Program was blocked, the scholars I hate by the foreign media of great concern. In this sensitive moment, I whole situation into consideration, rejected the authority of all the foreign media interview, because I believe those who commit crimes must not be a long time, the facts always get to the bottom of the day. At that time, "Los Angeles Post", "New York Times", "Financial Times", "South China Morning Post" and still made a substantial Asian Weekly reported. .
You confirm that a number of corruption, you feel how?.
I am filled with gratitude for the central government in Beijing and Shanghai, the active trace of major corruption, I think I need a rallying cry for this sensitive moment, then explained to the public the truth, so that Shanghai residents can soon get rid of corrupt elements of exploitation and abuse. .
At least I feel proud that I have always been Shanghai audience and readers for their support. They make me full of intense disdain, fighting against the fallen. I urge all citizens to support the Central Government, Shanghai strike Shanghai corrupt practices, Shanghai citizens need a clean and tidy in Shanghai.
Lang:. .
This is a very heavy, heavy to? you recall that so many private entrepreneurs in China, which is basically not a real estate developer is to invest in the consolidation of the supplier. A country's development until today, to private sector-led economic results and don't see our economy appear like Samsung Electronics, and more competitive in the industry, and is constantly in the real estate industry inside the circles. I have recently visited two cities, yinchuan, is a very big city is Wuhan. Yinchuan's leadership during the last session under the leadership of small and beautiful, this time after I went to change the thinking leading to a major development in Yinchuan, Yinchuan should stimulate the development of real estate. The Wuhan Wuhan invited me to give personal views would have been in Wuhan, said hello to me asked me to call him, I would not call him. Wuhan also hope to real estate developments before, at the meeting put forward a data Wuhan, Wuhan City, the average price is 3000 dollars, and not the so-called the bubble Xianxiang I said, Keneng I Zhe Geren have little talent and less learning, history Jingji there is no real estate, this thinking in our great China emerged.A city with a little competition, light House are able to pull up the economy? most Dora is foam, this simple truth I do not understand.
Shenzhen, Hong Kong or Yinchuan, or large Wuhan, we should pursue? We should pursue is the city is a unique competitive edge to the development of a competitive future of the city, this city up, and people's livelihood and prosperity, and real estate is a follow-up work, to develop a full set of measures, real estate introduced to have people to buy. This process, if reversed, holding real estate as a growth industry, what would be the price? The end you will find the real estate bubble has hindered the development of the city. .
For example, the development of Shanghai, Shanghai's housing prices so high it was inconceivable that a bank run, he established an Office in Shanghai, he is going to take two to three times the high land prices or simply going to Beijing? this plain truth shows high prices caused by just one surface of the problem, you see that city development is thriving, the brains behind the competitiveness of the city is on the rise, I dare not think that the small city of three thousand per square meter, I guess who bought? they said very well sold me is sad, this is speculation. Real estate development and economic level which is extremely dangerous.
We placed too many expectations of real estate industry, the lack of industry organization, more is the lack of a major idea.. .
I have a macro pattern, but the real question should be whether the macro-control on our real estate industry is what kind of adjustments and what kind of thought process? to us of the real estate itself I think was thinking layer, I think that we in the direction of the general direction is wrong, the country's real estate is very dangerous, in the past few years I've never heard of for domestic home Samsung, General Electric and talk with them to learn their development industry, I have not heard of a city on this issue. Even in the greater Shanghai area, "city through science and education", the topic I was in Shanghai for a speech, I said, the city through science and education to figure out this problem, technology can revitalize a city. In turn, ask a question, do you think the Zhejiang region, the greater Shanghai area is how the development of high-tech development, in addition to other local high-tech industry, it must be said, the exodus of Taiwan's IT industry to the mainland, is a major turn for the better, you that an industry like this in China is promising it? Taiwan's IT industry, why fled to the mainland? We have not talked about this theory, in fact, all this is a topic of concern. .
. So, in his ultra-day catch up within a decade the United States, the wealth to send two thousand names he ranked 95, more than three years jumped by 60 to 30 a few at home so I do not see results of the company. .
Taiwan IT industry subsequently continents is why Taiwan is mainly in the mechanical and electrical industry is pursuing with tens of thousands of home, like this decentralized approach, the result is Samsung's advantages, because you're too small there is no scale, its consolidation, innovation. Fled to Zhejiang what I'm going to regret is close to the producers, close to consumers, close to the market. IT industry is the final fate of the traditional industries, in order to pursue closer to production and market to reduce costs, what long-term competitiveness? Competitive edge in such a gradual decline of the country, they're still in real estate as the dominant Qudai called the IT industry, we have not identified a clear Shiye nature, national long-term development of real estate is not required, but companies like Samsung If in Zhejiang, Shanghai, how to be a leading IT industry, IT industry back to square one for all of his competitiveness, and value chain integration, and innovation, economies of scale, to re-board the world stage to re-pull the provincial economy。.
Today we see the development of Guangdong province, do you think the private economy is the sustainable economic prosperity it? So would like a big mistake, Guangdong Province, the difficulties currently facing the independent development of various cities and counties to develop and to the last few provinces of Guangdong Province is the low level of redundancy and waste of the country's economy too much, so each city the same thing, thinking is not thinking of any change in inertia, we do not see an integration of economies of scale, see the provincial, city and county also full of low-level waste development. .
Today we have too many data prove that the Chinese economy is the world's most extravagant economy, our energy usage and waste is nine times in Japan, you're wealthier than Japan? are you a Europe five times, you're wealthier than Europe? are you a United States 2. .9 times, comparable to the USA? why is that? "because we are a leading policy direction is problematic, we seldom realize the essence of things, are swarmed to the real estate market.
Wenzhou before there was a "miracle of Wenzhou", now what situation? Wenzhou send top names from the past now behind in the end, Wenzhou businessmen hard it? Very hard to make money very goods points, but also how the several industries in Wenzhou out? Sell buttons and lighters. How much to sell one? Make a few cents diligently pursue the accumulation of too small to be competitive and make money to the big city to real estate speculation.We, as the reform of the agricultural society-how to?, to become self-financing, do you think you have introduced us thinking? nongxing groups can share reform can be self-financing? this result is a rural influx of funds in the real estate market, do not know why. Pig loan liangsanqian bucks on the Bank, the Bank is not how much money to go to school, going to see fares exceed the interest income, so high transactions costs cannot be traded. Absorption of the rural farming community Xing after the deposit, the money will not return to the countryside, back to where is she? Is the topic we are most concerned about are to the real estate speculation, and rural finance can not be recycled in the resulting prevalence of loan sharks, or even 25% of the loan shark is a quarter of the profits. So that we are more worried about is that 87% of the loan sharks are not for reproduction, but for the school fees, medical care, food and so never pay back, so do not worry about the rural economy it? . .
How the development of the rural economy in China? I see too much real estate, all of you for a walk along the highway, Shanghai, Beijing Expressway, you see both sides of the road, next to all major real estate development and even to Beijing also in rural areas, and developed a quadrangle, do you think this represents. This represents today, China resources through a variety of piping severely misguided, turned out to be real estate-oriented economy, this is misleading. dread.
I think from the high-tech, the phenomenon of speaking from Wenzhou, from Guangdong, the large rural areas you find, or the whole run, you find that are, without exception, led by real estate market, even such a pretty little Yinchuan City would also like to real estate-oriented, so much of Wuhan City has led to real estate, you say how the future of our country do? . .
Five to ten years, one of the best smile, who have money to buy real estate? why you can't understand. Our today's purchasing power is not a real estate, but over the past 25 years of reform and opening up, with input from industry, which resulted in the inevitable phenomenon is the industry. If the real estate collapse of the country how to do? Some people said it was impossible, Taiwan, the Hong Kong happened, then how do you say? Hong Kong real estate market crash happened in 97 years, Hong Kong was very concerned about the collapse of the financial system, Hong Kong has a lot of negative equity, to the best practice times of negative equity is not the loan, the house you forget, I did not , banks have become victims of center, causing a large number of bad debts accumulated, resulting in economic collapse.Why Hong Kong weathered it? Hong Kong people worked, he can carry the debt, he took to the streets, dissatisfaction, but can carry, and carried to the end result is that the collapse of the banking system. But I ask all of you, at home you carry do not carry? If the internal collapse of home to 100 people in Hong Kong will be the same as carrying it? I would say this bluntly, "Do you think more small domestic trouble-making people?" We have a policy is not clear if the loans can not be auctioned, it is the policy of the trouble-making people to continue to foster trouble-making people, so who is going to go down the burden The results? We see that the speech is funny, you know that our banks to take risks, to the financial system when the pressure is not just a problem of bad debts, but total collapse of the financial system, if the words of the real estate bubble .Although this phenomenon has not developed in Hong Kong, Hong Kong people and other people, so many questions, so many problems in the eyes of the Government?.
China is such a large size, our most dangerous is our thinking, but since you find that we're OK, I am no matter the Western to Ningxia, and east to the northeast, or to the south, you find all over the government are the same, how real estate development to revitalize the economy, if only one or two cities in the country do not, if the whole country out resolutely say I have to tell you the prophecy will appear. .
The stagnation in productivity, the development of real estate, real estate bubble in the US is immediate economic crisis. But our real estate market coupled with some speculation of making becomes more complex. Our real estate is a malformation of the real estate, called the "Hong Kong, Guangdong Shenzhen science school in Shenzhen, Guangdong, China coast learning learn coast" is one of the most fuel speculation in real estate, from Hong Kong, selling. Allow like Hong Kong real estate to sell 10, sell, manufacture of foam, there are so-called commodity apartments, etc. This is like Hong Kong. But you are not the same as with Hong Kong, why not the same as with Hong Kong. Recently the Hong Kong court sentenced a convicted real estate agents, he said something very interesting, he to sell a house, he said many of the mainland's uncle recently bought 10 sets of our house, this is a propaganda tactic seemed at home Nothing, however, is illegal in Hong Kong, so by the court prosecuted. Will we have no such domestic judicial system? You introduce the Hong Kong property market, Hong Kong is a risk, it is a process of speculation, we know it.At least we still have so a little bit more equitable to legal, this is a fair bit of the Mainland, you can suppress their speculation, your disclosure of false messages may also be sued, but even this is not China.
We have contacted the real estate is so kind of a market, our government how to deal with real estate issues, about this issue I must tell you, the policy itself good or bad, I was talking about the more important topic is in the end Government to see how these officials to the CBRC in this market I am most concerned about in 2003, I am more in favor of the macro-control, that is an administrative means of the so-called macro-control.Why I support the? because today the Chinese economy is a very strange system, is a unique system in the world, is a dual system, we often see reports of excessive heat, or cold, these two are not very comprehensive, and most comprehensive argument is in China's inflation and deflation in hand, these two phenomena as long as you use financial macro will further exacerbate this situation. I'll give you an example, we all know that my habits, my spoken is absolutely everything to my personal economics conservation to speak. In 2003 I agree with the Government's administrative macro-control, 2004, annual interest rate, I was opposed to arms and legs, then hold the same views with me also of the academy's director of finance by Li Yang (voice), why should I against? Necessary because China is a binary system, financial system, monetary policy will be any failure, it is a fundamental issue, to raise interest rates 0. .27 per cent, we have 70% of loans are loans, other non-bank loans for enterprises and organizations by State-owned enterprises, as most of these enterprises and local Government on the interest rate must not be changed, this time why in 2003 to target local government regulation of the construction to be indiscriminately? because they have too many achievements in engineering, low-level waste, rise he would not borrow? don't say 2. .7 percent he lent, 27 per cent he wants, because he felt that it would not have them. You to make adjustments with interest rate itself is a mistake.
Most private enterprises are mostly by underground finance, as in the Asian countries do, such as in Taiwan, you can go to standard will not hesitate, will reflect all future financing, if adjusted underground Finance is up 27% four times, if the results are immediately up against the private enterprise, the interest rate for a jump rope, inflation departments need solutions, deflation, the department continued to hit them, they will tighten even further, which is why we open against the bank's policy because of the dual system of any monetary policy regime will start deteriorating This duality.But more importantly, I'm at the end of last year through the media, interest rates rising outcome will inevitably lead to future rate increases, I really do not want to say that the following sentence, not my smart, this is a simple common sense economics. Interest rate rise in raw and hulv line is linked. The people's Bank of China Exchange skipping previous is how to assure you that the exchange rate will not be transferred, but at 5 o'clock suddenly increase, you think you are breaking the market expected? you are wrong, you will not only strengthen the market expected to hit you in the public mind. I ask you, a discredited policy do you think anybody out there? You that the results of the national people are not considered credible, the whole world know that you will re-adjust, because you have your reputation destroyed. .
Exchange rate adjustment results is so serious that I do not know. I don't know what to do next. Although I am a Hong Kong scholar, but I am essentially a Chinese government credit for keeping me than anyone I worried about the government's credibility is too important, including the share reform, why I will, through various channels, including the internal reference of other channels to express my opposition, because you will destroy the credibility, what is the correct share reform? In my mind, I get the actual data say, the stock has done the most successful reform is the United Kingdom, in the Margaret Thatcher era, privatization of state-owned enterprises turned into a trilogy, when he used to do share reform, the first in the state-owned shares structure remains unchanged, with the home manager.The second step, these good state can become, why?, as we all share reform across China was not very good? I oppose the one size fits all, why do people in the UK? I tell you this is the wisdom of the Government of the United Kingdom, he is clearly aware that stocks instead of credit on behalf of the Government, the British people know best State for unit into, the British people know each State enterprise reform later this is the British Government enterprises, bought in the future will be very good, but our China stock reform can share reform, people bought later? country must give to blame? weird that endorsement, as . .
What you want to change the stock? stock reform is itself a further undermine the credibility of the Government.
Policy or exchange rate, interest rate policy or share reform Ye Hao, their promise not to promise not to matter, because you have to have one of the most basic question points out that the Government credit for that? How then can the economy be able to use the government credit which led to further economic development? Let me know. The next time the Government will launch the policy in any market how people think, people will think you are for me sake, but also an official for their own future and also to introduce new policies.Exchange rate policy should do next? "at this time the Government is also capable of faithfully say I promise not to reduce the exchange rate and this is not fool me once you more sound greater appreciation I know, you are not very clearly tell the world your Exchange rate to rise? no one believes in you, because your reputation has gone bankrupt.
This lack of credit and financial policies the city of which I am most worried about. Macro-control this time I do not know where to say that I am most sorry, the most powerless, and you also have the same feeling, so you heard my speech today, I guarantee you later regret listening to my speech, "Professor Lang dead , not to listen to a lecture, originally just fine, nothing to know, beyond a very hard time. ". .
I am a pure finance, I was the first popular regions financial, I regret to inform you that I go to the policy of no influence to bring order out of chaos, just watched him go. Even I would suggest that the administration of these points was wrong, in April 2004. July 2005, through direct investment and trade surplus is 1500 billion, 1400 billion don't know anyway, this is one of the famous "international speculators complexity of horizontal levels of speculation is that you can't imagine, do not belittle his wife. "You do not know how the money is coming in, which is the exchange rate pressure on your main, not trade. What is the exchange rate? That governments the means to achieve political objectives, is called the exchange rate. Maximum pressure on the exchange rate today is the destruction of bank Credit-based policy, I understand Lang, and international speculators are much smarter than I am Rose, I certainly understand. banks have clearly tell you, I do not adjust, that is to be adjusted..
How would you like to blow him? I have to give him the suggestion, I 2 3 percent devaluation?, I pushing you for three months, because this is a non-conventional funds, in accordance with international practice, it's hard to stay on the 3 months when you had to go to when I tune back? you only through this approach with international speculators means you can make international money flows out slowly. You are now the trend in the future I am worried about the exchange rate, and although we do not have the Japanese "Plaza Agreement", but our content is substantially square with the agreement, the exchange rate as long as the break can not stop once, and this is International finance the above, you only did the international academic research should know the results. A determination if the Government to abandon the exchange rate, a fixed exchange rate, the money you'll never stop a flow of some pressure here, which is why Japan will totally collapse in the 90's the Japanese economy. .
Today I am very worried that we were making the same mistakes again in China, how are we going to learn more about our future? I say your audience will think I'm biased, Professor, why are you always points out so sharp nail on the head of discourse?? because ten years after this period of history must be reviewed and profoundly review.
Today I talk with you, I say it in the heart, and I is the easiest to communicate with a few ideas with you, I'll let you know, we often worry about the future, the bank said something I publicly express my opposition, that is, more floating exchange rate policy in China, liberalization, because the banks were to exchange rate risk removed from his shoulder to, to whom? Here you are. My answer is: on what basis. On what basis banks unloaded. I am very clear about my point of view, banks are required to 100% of the exchange risk can not be unloaded, it is the responsibility of the party and the country.Why we are not eligible to make a floating exchange rate, China, China 13 million people, including me, is there a foreign exchange operations master? we, Bank of China has two thousand Economist I think is very good, but it is not a foreign exchange operations master. By Ross to defeat a Bank for a short time, banks, Exchange an open it would be in danger, you too bold, we exchange rate did not know how to open, too bold. Why the United States, Japan, Europe can engage in a floating exchange rate, because of their hedging mechanism factory Duyouwaihui, yet our domestic No company know how to do foreign exchange hedges, all the risk by the Chinese entrepreneurs to worry, it fair? . .
At present we exchange thefluctuation is extremely historical coincidence 5 per cent, would you rate your manufacturing? 5 per cent great, so a wise foreign Governments may use compression you rose to 5%, or banished to 5 per cent. Up to 5 per cent of all foreign enterprises in China are you wipe, banished to 5 per cent of all import enterprises, sweeping dip none, because you don't know how to hedge. Do you want to take risks you take, you have to do Forex hedging tools you want to have a Bank, forward foreign exchange hedge foreign exchange hedging in the near future you are unclear.
I talk about heart problems, I China's currency, financial markets, stock markets are very to bitter, in addition I do not know how to talk about their feelings. There is also a principle of monetary policy, Americans, Europeans, like the economists have done thousands of papers have a conclusion, the financial policy itself should not have ups and downs, because the effects of monetary policy when there do not know how much effect does not know that this is the most dangerous, any policy such as agricultural policy, industrial policy can be adjusted, monetary policy can not.Policy, when have you don't know how many results you never know, this is the most dangerous.
Starting last year, we have been for the introduction of macro-control policies in real estate has no effect. Not without effect, but when results come out you do not know, the policy has been introduced, more stringent policy. I would like to ask a word, if these policies together in the same time, it broke out? It's the economy section of the flute. I hope it will not come this far. If monetary policy must guard against fluctuations, should not adjust how you should do? So it is worth pondering the question Gains, we very simply that the integration of our country has with others, and in fact you want to be too simple.Financial integration is the most difficult, difficult to, difficult to finance can change a nation's destiny. Japan in the 1990s crisis is what caused the entire industry in Japan? crash is caused by not dare to speak all financial, at least in finance is an important reason.
I told you about a very funny story, we swim in the sea to acquire U.S. Unocal, I am very excited, we do need foreign oil sources, because it is the U.S. government against the Chinese government is very important means. I am in a very long time I made it clear that to not be successful, how could abandon sanctions against China opportunity? I am not a language at home, because it is an inevitable trend.Japan in the late 1980s acquired Locke Feder (tone), when the United States to seek "a second attack," Americans heard a tap, on behalf of our American spirit "Locke Feder Center can sell to Japan?" is at the small Japanese thought really acquired, as a result, after the Plaza accord, the appreciation of the value of land in Japan, Japanese industry collapse, when the acquisition of "Locke Feder Centre had to sell to the US price *, the industry in the United States is not your opponents, real estate is not your opponent, but as long as he headed the financial advantages, he can play with you. Monetary policy can not make mistakes, I have requested the Bank to have a theory, if not 100% sure, monetary policy can not move, as long as the action was, there below the top of a chain of many wrong mistakes. Agricultural policy, industrial policy was wrong the morning, the afternoon can be changed, but the wrong financial policy of the morning, afternoon, there is 10 billion 100 billion in losses. Government monetary policy is very cautious, we are very imprudent, and even the property market to do monetary policy adjustment. .
You are in Shenzhen area, if I were the international speculator, I will choose the Shenzhen? I would choose to Guangzhou, Shanghai, Beijing and I funds, only a few dozen billion, I selected the area, I selected the Shanghai area. Shenzhen is the so-called City Centre and the city centre is a place where we don't want to go, you want to live in Futian, overseas Chinese town, honey Lake, etc. where billions to fire is not easy, Guangzhou has a city centre you will not, do you live in China, Panyu, there is the Centre of Beijing, Tiananmen Square, the second ring, you will not be there to stay. He will live beyond the three-fourth ring, including Peking University, Tsinghua University area, there are the Asian Games Village Worker and so those places. Not the same as in Shanghai, Shanghai who asked him to not to buy a villa in the suburbs of Shanghai? To, but he still has a house in the city center, it is better to walk to shopping, massage, sauna best. That local land supply is very limited, very little real estate. If the international speculators from which to make a small fortune this is the best area, you can row a small amount of money to pull stock prices, I do not have clear data.. An international speculators will be introduced in the policy immediately before the leave. As the appreciation of the inner housing prices substantially, next to the house is gone up, in accordance with the terms of the ratio between the inner bubble with foreign aggression is the most. I was doing the TV show in Shanghai, also would like it to say, if the macro-control, then inside and outside the ring AM is the largest. .
This phenomenon led to a final result that confirms what I began to speak of, high prices to the city's development as an obstacle rather than an incentive. Until now, the entire inner loop rates up to 3? 4 in case square meters, how many people can afford? how many households can afford? how? Shanghai has developed into a logistics center, financial center? is not to say that no, why should you be a hassle, many a high rate of trouble, let you do anything very difficult. Everyone's spending habits are not determined by how much money, but depends on your wealth effect, if after the bubble together, a wealth increased, though the house does not sell, but you feel the increase of wealth, increase your consumption. As long as you drizzle the next, to this point, the city's development direction is to go with those bubbles, this is terrible, how do you Remediation bubble? Lighting foam is good, but the spending habits of Shanghai people to be drastically reduced. Financial policies, the effect does not know how kind, because their price pressure is not representative of the economic significance of housing prices to fall, but the wealth effect of the original hit.Urban consumption habits change, change the number is not clear, since we don't care.
The first step can not let the price rise, until the last of your means of financial control of international capital, divestment, and then later deal, which is too late, this time as good as others you find, you not only as good as others in real estate, your interest rates, exchange rates are less competent in other areas. What is this fate? In our era of the Qing Dynasty, Technology transfer artillery attack as thousands of people to sign the treaty humiliated, and now the financial means as good as others you must have a large number of enterprises to close down, that's for sure.This function is too important to us that you want to exit the economic sphere, that is the United States, the United States economy is very strict in the area of Palm empty, if he wants to quit, then why is it so important to the economy, government intervention in the economy is inevitable, but you do control.
When I was in Shanghai, some of my students accomplished than I am, are some of the developers. Was confident that a big deal. I said you have to understand that walking in accordance with this macro-policy, which companies can grow? Low growth, low debt, high cash flow businesses to grow, so do not engage in small companies and old. After he heard me say very impressed, but once the evening corruption forget, last month I made a speech, that of the students returned, teachers said they forgot. Out that macro-control today, as you predicted, he said, now how do? I said, too late now.I tell you, if you follow this trend continue, our real estate company at least 80 per cent, we are small and self-contained, 80 per cent of the future will be replaced by a professional service, whether you are considering studying the experience of the United States or the European experience, the establishment of a so-called professional real estate services company, for instance, the decoration, is also what are you thinking about it. Go online at the American pattern of professional service providers.
I must tell you about my findings, today we finished the entire financial policy on the thinking, the impacts of monetary policy is not the most important, I think the greatest impact on you or the competent authorities of the bank thinking how, if he The thinking is that I am talking of a credit-destructive thinking, an unloaded the burden of thinking, a kind of risk transferred to the public's mind, I tell you, your day today, tomorrow must be more than happy tomorrow more difficult. And a large part of the pressure from the dominant of our financial policy.In these circumstances, I am worried for the ladies, I introduced financial policy pained.
Thank you enthusiastically support, my inference is the economics of quality according to their inferred, we must Ji Zhu Dr. Jin Rongxue I yes, I also hope that today's lecture Nenggou give you bring some business operations of caution. For everyone to raise three issues. .
Question: I am a journalist, Shenzhen evening news would like to ask a question, a Professor, has everyone says Shenzhen real estate is a healthy, do you think so?.
Lang: I came across a phenomenon, the macro-control had some impact in Shanghai, the monthly turnover of 100 have not such a small amount of turnover can not lead prices, due to price changes depend on transactions change. Now how do resist the market is not trading, and other things over the fine. But some real estate finance chain as tight, prices fell after the introduction of new properties true.Very worthy of note is the reflection of the market, through the extraordinary resistance to changes in the prices of transactions, which can seriously hedge the role of monetary policy, which is the most difficult financial policy, the effect is not determined by the so-called trading volume offset price volatility is one of the main reasons to avoid massive use of monetary policy. We found Beijing and Guangdong property no problem, there is not only no-voltage amplitude amplitude increase, the most stable large is the market in Guangdong Province, on the basis of our past look is 1992 Shenzhen and Guangzhou real estate is one of the earliest and Hong Kong markets that combat is the most played several wise. Real estate here is also more rational in terms of relative Shanghai, Shanghai, unfortunately, become a major center of international speculators. People have an impulse, saw house prices rise, he also gone up, but a similar phenomenon will not occur in Guangdong, because of geographical specificity, nor the same as Shanghai to live in the city center. This is not good operation. .
Real estate in Shenzhen is not good or bad, Beijing or Shanghai, his Government is the most reasonable. Sometimes at an average in number, the country was first started in real estate in Guangdong, by the time you find that after several setbacks, present trend of house prices in the country is relatively the most reasonable. There is a strange phenomenon, and the more developed regions is not reasonable, like Changsha, yinchuan, you want to start over there real is very strange, irrational thinking that people would be a lot worse. This is a good sign, at least in the future of real estate market, in Guangdong Province, I do not think there is too much volatility . .
Question: may I ask what the Central Bank's policy on real estate, he mainly on major banks. Our nation's financial institutions are specialized and trust companies, mortgage firms over the past two years, as in the shacks are developing rapidly, real estate, funds and more. Our monetary policy itself has a vulnerability, in this case were more than offset by his own Government's financial policy, ask lang?.
Lang: This question was very large, this is a good question. Give an example, the effect of monetary policy is a big adjustment, no adjustment of the four major commercial banks did not adjust much difference, because they are relaxed. Any place we are binary-type economy, it is very interesting country. As long as the banking system through the introduction to the policy sometimes found less effective, our responsibility to the role of banks is not clear. Finally we ask that you do financing for SMEs what he can not do the financing, he does not believe you. Many of our private enterprise is the husband wife to do business accounts, who would lend to you.Our banking lending funds composition is very dangerous, are essentially dominated by real estate. This is dangerous, according to the international standard ratio is very low, 50 per cent, we even up to 8? 90 per cent, in the case of the day a large changes in the real estate crash? the banking cannot withstand the next financial crisis.
I tell you that banking problems, not change the. I do cover the last line under construction, I said, do you share in the reform is unnecessary, not solve the problem, because the banks themselves that he is a systems engineering. For example, you spend money on the 1.5 billion Chinese people who is also a bad debt, because the state-owned enterprises do not pay back the money how you like it? Bank of China to Bank of New York doing well, why is it so? For New York's quality is good, we all want to pay back the money does not pay back the money with a good legal system, Er addition of China's trouble-making people, no sound legal system and want to do is Buke Neng's. .
This is a great system, the Government needs to clearly understand the Bank's role is a passive role, by Bank reform that is impossible. To put the entire banking system of quality make up the rule of law natural perfection later. Why u.s. banks now so actively acquiring bank? sometimes we think that's funny, our Bank so ridiculous sold to foreigners. Do you think that foreigners so stupid? financial is their invention, my doctor is to finance study USA. He was very understanding of good and bad banks rely on economic values and legal system, our economic data today better than yesterday, our legal system are to promote, a decade later would be better to enter China now is the best time, because the price is minimum, all aspects of the future perfect, they make money. They make money the old love of the future we will be very happy to say "sold to foreigners is good," silly, all you'll make it up by the. Now they are sold, ten years after the great development of the object will appear. .
I opened a joke sarcasm sarcastic, 150 years after your sons how to talk about our generation, he said: "150 years ago that our ancestors in Shenzhen is no less than 300 years ago, the ancestors of the Qing dynasty, who defeated efforts to compensate foreign, 150 years ago our ancestors alone, but also high-the silver rushed out." This is the question of the reform of our Bank.
Question: I am a Ph.D. in economics. My question is I have five hundred of the world, they have a word "professional" very strong, five hundred Chinese state-owned monopoly in particular more than half of private of the five hundred or so are doing real estate real estate holding, they both have such a presence is reasonable. As China's private entrepreneurs, private enterprise, to the future, the specific environment in China and the global environment, how to develop specific? . .
Lang: such a big problem. World top 500 Chinese entrepreneurs in itself is our dream to morbid psychology, each enterprise to achieve a certain period of time I don't want to go into the top 500, for example, DeLong, Lenovo, here's a thought, do you want to forward a very difficult, because other people too much. Let me give an example, Samsung one year into the upper 60s, who is with your wishful thinking that with the full merger?. Samsung has the UN Security Council to our private entrepreneurs, state-owned entrepreneurs have great reflection, your own management strategy with your own thinking we must understand that your assets are not consolidated. Our biggest problem is the inertia of our thinking is difficult to progress, there are several reasons for the success of Samsung, the Samsung is a success to give incredible spiritual growth. Forward 60.The recent phenomenon of so-called Korea we are very concerned that South Korea was in the late 1980s I in New York University Professor when we talk about a lot of Japanese companies, the American Enterprise, we all enjoy listening to it, we often take Korean enterprises do comparison, about to Korea enterprise-wide Church of laughter, I would also like to laugh, 15 years later and don't you dare laugh? recently Japan wished to acquire Sanyo, Sanyo, Samsung said the acquisition we are not interested to purchase SONY we are interested in.
Is still engaged in real estate, and also engage in a financial holding, people have reached the point where you can buy SONY, and we are still behind a decade or two, this is my biggest worry. .
Wang Guowei is modern master ru, learning, in philosophy, aesthetics, literature, history, archaeology and so made their aesthetics is profound, not ordinary people can see their unveil the author here own uneducated feelings, acquaintance to be discussed on its aesthetics, wish I could already evident.
Wang Guowei's aesthetic ideas, whether of philosophy, or from literary criticism, the social reality with a direct or indirect contact. Real dark light him longing, the pursuit of truth; light, the truth can not be the end, he abandoned the pursuit, but to seek relief in literature and art. Wang Guowei's life, the ideology has been in a state of contradiction, his interest in ambition, not only in conflict with reality, are often incompatible with their own talent temperament. "Prefer to give the philosopher, the few hard feelings, makes me know my ability and more bitter; prefer to give the poet, the bitter feelings of the few which is more rational."Life's twists and turns, ideological character of contradictions, anguish, his research promotes a variable and then, even the literature also gave up, and to engage in historical and archaeological research. His aesthetics, just at the beginning of the 20th century into a before and after the revolution, a period of time, does not fully reflect the development of thought in his life. However, during this period, his thoughts are positive, future of life on a warm, dark, corrupt society to pursue treatment and save methods.
The philosophical, aesthetic thought deeply Kant, Schopenhauer (especially Schopenhauer) the impact, he Kant, Schopenhauer, copied some of the conclusions, as his starting point for discussion of aesthetic issues, is the modern Chinese inspiration and aesthetics. His aesthetics is the first piece of modern Chinese aesthetic theory foundation, Miss Ye Jiaying Wang Guowei as the modern "theory of China's first Western reference to judge the characters of Chinese ancient literature." .
Wang Guowei on Chinese literary criticism and aesthetics of the merits, he introduced the Western way of thinking, in his practice, potential system, scale, including the entire cultural criticism — Art aesthetics to modern aesthetics from the system of thought-form to modern sense of the independent discipline form paved level solid bench.
Modern China, Western Learning. Wang Guowei was the first extensive contact with and absorption of conscious Western scholars as a literary framework. His research from a new perspective and literature review, and construct a comprehensive, systematic system of literary theory. Wang Guowei of the ideology is profound, its great to be held, can be summarized into three:. .
1. the origins of literary creation: "genius" and "games".
Wang Guowei, "quaint location of the aesthetic," a paper at the outset: "The Art (and more that literature or art) who also produced genius, this spontaneous Germany (ie Kant) scholars over a hundred years since the conclusion" and "Dream of Red Mansions", saying: "A good source of art, for birth, inhibiting our experience, the Tai of Western aesthetic problems. Schopenhauer on this problem, the most incisive." Obviously, Wang Guowei from Kant, Schopenhauer's concept art, aesthetics gained literature originated in the "genius" point of view.However, Wang Guowei and not simply move, it broke the Schopenhauer's concept of the "genius" and "mysticism constituents of genius" personified, on the one hand, to recognize the main genius on cognitive, reflect the important role of the real world, on the other hand holding the body of a genius to thaw "unlimited motivation" (individual rationality) and "national of morality" (common sense) as one of the principal. Wang Guowei to this through the inner experience and innovative "genius said," profoundly literary criticism applied to their own, that genius is "View of the natural life of its repetition of those in the art that prevents Chile The following person has been without its relationship with those things, but overriding the outside interests ", that the great genius of its concept of intellectual property deep, its unique creation of nature, but on the other hand, is not unlimited Wang Guowei exaggerate the genius of a priori, but rather to emphasize the cultivation and acquired temper.It's in the literature little words, "one article to Memorial, Yuan-ming, the United States, child maintenance as an example description genius or decades or centuries, are rare and not one, but to be" Chi to learning, handsome by virtue ", to be truly" great literature ". The above four "no literary genius, his personality is self-contained and eternal. It is therefore not noble great personality, and noble great literature, almost did not have it. " This kind of artistic genius and personality insights description is the creation of truly great literary works of motivation. Thus, his "genius said," The Inside: genius is within the literary subject is outside of its own has a personality in the creation and history of morality, is the origin of the main literary ethos. .
"Genius" is the theory of literary creation based on the theory of the origin, and the "game" is another major theoretical. Wang Guowei in the literature, statements of opinion among small literature is also the cause of the "game", "on its own of feelings and the observation of things, the chanting of the t-shirt transfer to vent the savings of forces. "That the literature is the main spirit forces a gaming activity. Obviously, this is also influenced by Kant-Schiller-Spencer's "games". Wang Guowei, "Study of human habits", "Schopenhauer and Nietzsche," two languages and the more detailed description of the "Play" the main point: literature, art is the highest of the hobby, do not want foreign forces, the representatives of ; Schiller (Original Xierlieer) that the children's game is the residual of the forces, literature, and art is the spirit of the game for adults; principle is the ability to know the most common form, but art is not.This says that the conflict in Schiller's game theory and the theory of aesthetics, but they are asked to principal must emerge from the reality of the material interests and the pursuit of free spirit game activities, and on their own feelings and the observation of things make t-shirt transfer, chanting, vent, can only be called literature. The emphasis of the subject of creativity and initiative, subject to their own spiritual freedom in literary creation of objects.
Wang Guowei look forward to the main body of literature to find the "sacred value of the location and independent", that "the invention of the universe and life as represented by the forces of truth and value", to create a "pure literature", whereas "Ruofu forget the sacred philosophy of art, but moral politics means that those who are unworthy to work also. " It is also in this sense, Wang Guowei opposed to "shop suffix", "Wen Xiu" and imitate the literature, that "the real care and non-literary Naifu known to the world of sports to self-re-see" ("Literature of small words," III).Therefore, the theory of the "game" and the lineage of the long-awaited "DAO" in traditional literary criticism is out of tune, but since the new household Windows to remedy the traditional literary criticism of malpractice, asked to create and Western European rivals "most of the literature" (the literature little made 14). In short, the theory of the "game" is a traditional Chinese literature at a deep level of thinking and the rebel is a way to resolve the main spiritual freedom and creativity theory, "game" is a spiritual symbol of freedom. Wang Guowei, "Study of human habit" in a passage that the "games" where the subject of: "Of course I of this theory, solid non-literary art to the value of Qi in the next game also. But from psychology and In short, this foundation in the number of persons are kept in the forces of desire, and their role in all activities in making the people to treatment and the emptiness of suffering. "Therefore, he called" the poet, as are all other substances, materials, games also. However the game, Zeyi enthusiastic whom."(The late, not published) Wang Guowei" games "penetration in its ideals and realism, content and form of contradictions and conflicts, with the result that its literary thought demonstrated aesthetic pursuit, aesthetic content and aesthetic form of rebellion – reality and non-realistic non-uniformity and imbalance.
"Genius said," and "Play" is a literary interpretation of the origin of Wang Guowei two major theories on the one hand lead from his history and philosophy of real rational thinking, but also his aesthetic understanding of the inherent laws of literature, the above conclusions can be summarized as saying that the literature is the "genius game of business" ("Introduction of Literature," 4), its purpose is to reflect the truth of the universe and life, power and value. .
2 literary creation of aesthetic scale: "pain" and "classical".
Wang Guowei written in the summer of 1904, "Dream of Red Mansions" is the one in terms of form, ideology, methods, vision point of view are thoroughly different from traditional Chinese literary criticism paper, it is the world of literary criticism One of the most bold attempt. Wang Guowei's not the "Dream of Red Mansions" as the Chinese novel, he regarded it as of all mankind since ancient times the common problems of life faced by the novel, is "great writings of the universe" and to the perspective of world literature Analysis of comments the novel, regarded as "the tragedy of the tragedy." .
Wang Guowei believe that is the essence of life "to", and the pursuit of desire is bound to suffer "to" lack of compensation, is suffering; wish, is tired of boring and a pain; to pursue the efforts of the "happy" is suffering; "happy" reply to "happy later" is suffering, but this kind of pain, with the culture of knowledge an indemnity, the more widely, the pain, the conclusion can only be a world of hell, life is an endless suffering. In the past, present, and future. So I said, "to life and pain, only one of the three. "This kind of philosophy and Chinese traditional spirit is very different. "My people the spirit of the earth's also, Lotte's also", and he is the tragedy of Schopenhauer's concept of use to re-interpret the world and from his "Dream of Red Mansions", a book that explained the world to find Chinese way. .
Wang Guowei believes that the dream of the spirit is: it is the most successful pen shows as "life of desires", "libertarian" caused by the unbearable great pain and suffering of the people able to see the life essence, reject "life" to "walk free" dream does not belong to the "shop drop", "text embroidered" or "dazzle" literature, nor is it moral to punish the didactic literature; he was meant to show the "sublime" tragic. Although Wang Guowei's "Dream of Red Mansions" is not purely aesthetic analysis of the philosophical aspects of it, but this philosophy did not lead to the world of utilitarian attitudes and knowledge, which is the essence of the experience of pain in life. Wang Guowei that the desire to escape the pain of this life, so the main overriding interest, forget things at me, only literature can be achieved and completed. In "Dream of Red Mansions", he wrote: "Art of the Service, in describing the pain of life and their paths of liberation, Ershiwuchai Feng Seng believers, the shackles of this world, from the desire of this life struggle, and obtaining the temporary of the peace, the purpose of all art too."This is the theory of the" pain "is the fundamental purpose of the aesthetic dimension. He is not a hope literature tends to surrealism, but literary creation perspective the real world, the essence of human life, namely, the "pain". It is the dream of the "pain said Wang Guowei" evaluation model of literary works.
In short, Wang Guowei, "suffering that" is rooted in the essence of society and reality, was established in the main body of the suffering of profound realization, the required nature of the pain of life for contemplation and reflection, to achieve a profound self-sublimation and free, not to "Lotte color "but for the literary qualities of" pain "for the moment to Liaojiu degrees to create the social and human literature. .
If you say "pain," said Wang Guowei mainly from the content provided on the aesthetic dimension, then "quaint" is from the formal provisions of literary creation of aesthetic criteria. Classic elegance is classical aesthetics, classical art aesthetic ideal of imagery and aesthetic standards. The name of the Chinese Wang Guowei paintings ordered, "said:" the third generation of the profit and loss, substance is hanging is only five, hobby. Or a macro's case, or in classic elegance, simple yet. "Wang Guowei Chinese classical aesthetics, classical art on the absorption of a profound reflection of Western aesthetics, the natural order of the familiar classical Chinese aesthetics, rational core of classical art to save partial, modified, enriched Western aesthetics, particularly Hong Germany, Schopenhauer's artistic genius and aesthetic aspects of theory, so the "quaint" is not a traditional "quaint", nor Kant, Schopenhauer's "form", but in Chinese and Western aesthetics and Western Combination of art was given to the rich aesthetics..
Wang Guo-Wei in the Piazza where the aesthetics of the article pointed out: "so the world, there is no true art, which is by no means take advantage of the products. And its production is not required, but for the genius behind it as well, and the genius of art is made, congeniality, saying the Piazza. "Clearly, Wang Guowei," Classic Elegance "is a" genius said, "as the theoretical basis, the key issue is to explore non-literary genius who created similar to the genius of the reasons," Classic Elegance "touch Formal Literature It comes with Wang Guowei by Kant so-called "all the beauty, the beauty of all forms of" aesthetic concepts of fit. wei said: "The beauty in all its forms, it can not do without him to the table of the form, but after this first Second, the form, Sri Lanka by the United States and the United States are more, but I shall so quaint, that this second form.The form of non-beautiful and strong of property to a macro, and therefore the second form, and have a value of independence, the quaint, is the beauty of forms in the form of beauty. "He also said:" the beautiful and strong will and quaint macro, and then have their inherent value. "" Quaint "as beautiful, macros, strong equal, because of the nature with" us "or" beauty of public nature "and packed into the aesthetic theory of vision. "Lovely stubborn and not users, all of the public nature of art, beautiful and strong so, quaint macro. "Beautiful in" Selfless "and" environment "manipulation to" peaceful people ", Hong Zhuang in the" have my realm "of" by the action of static "in the" reverence from the people "in order to achieve their aesthetic value and value of life. Guowei concluded: "quaint value, determined from the aesthetic view, and sincerity can not be beautiful and Hong Zhuang", called "low degree of beauty" and "low degree of Hong Zhuang."At the same time, regardless of the nature or the art of graceful, macros, create strong appreciation and belong to the genius of the patent, and genius "-all of the following" Shu, is unable to reach, but they can be passed to appreciate the human character, judgment, the creation of the "classical" works of art, and in the creation and appreciation of aesthetic realm for temporary relief of pain in life.
"Classic Elegance" beautiful, Hong Zhuang in the "public nature of beauty" on the unique aesthetic qualities, making it similar to them, and the arts, this is the original Wang Guowei. It is established, since Kant's fundamental make up of the Western aesthetic artistic genius and aesthetic aspects of the defect, it is also the theory of artistic value, the depth and breadth of the macro, for the beautiful and Hong Zhuang has set up a bridge for the Zhong Shu to find an aesthetic Ferry and Bridge, resulting in beautiful, Hong Zhuang comparison, the establishment of a "quaint" as the aesthetic aspects of the legal position and the meaning of life. .
3, literary creation of aesthetic features: "realm".
Wang Guowei of the ideology, the "state" as the most, because the "state" in the West to learn a new spirit, casting music "genius", "The Game", "cling to", "Classic Elegance" and carry forward the essence, as compared with the convergence of traditional Chinese culture focus of this sense, "Human World" and other works by raising the "state" is a classic of the ideology of Wang Guowei. Wang Guowei said: "The environment is also a non-exclusive means the scenery, emotions, also one of the hearts of state, and it could shoot scenes were really feeling, that of a state. Or that the free state."(" Late ")," you ... to see who really knows, deep well, poetry. ... "(" Late "56)" nalanrongruo eye of nature, with view of natural love, this tongue from entering the atmosphere has not been infected with the Han Chinese in the Central Plains were really so, since the Song dynasty, one person only. "(" Late "52) this means that art should be" true "and" real "is less" realm "is not the real thing. It is the naturally, is the nature of the concept of nature's tongue (i.e. words) to describe. Wang Guowei's "true" and "natural" view of the same strain of art and Zhuangzi, also by Goethe, Schiller and other Western aestheticians of, and deeply between Ming and Qing Li Zhi's innocence, said Tang and the only situation that ling Gong'an School emphasis on "real", "true", "true voice", "True Man" effect. Not difficult to see, Wang Guowei insisted on the aesthetic disinterestedness of aesthetic, its direct meaning is natural and true positive. .
Two forms of the realm is "nature" and "nature", Wang Guowei realm to a defined: the "man and nature, in my view, therefore, and I in color. In Outlook, so I do not know what is, what is the matter. "Second nature", but in the quiet, nature, to the quiet by moving it, and it is a beautiful, strong and a macro. "I think" Wang Guowei observing "has in contrast to the calm of the" dynamic "achieved" macro "Zhuang beauty," its directly against our will to the will of, and for failure, but the idea of meditation by knowledge, saying the magnificence of feelings. "That" there is Me "is a" knowledge power "super high, moving deep spiritual realm alone. And" No Me "is due to the" Observing things, so I do not know what is, what is material. "Wang Guowei so-called" material view of things "and" View "is the book called China" is now intuitive when "and" View. "In this" intuitive "in the" I "," same with all things " is also the space and time in a "matter", so that in the "Observing the Physical", the on "I do not know what is, what is material," the.Compared to the "nature", "nature" it is "the forgotten art of stakeholders", the creation of this realm of difficulty is a very large, therefore, "the ancients to words, written by self-consciousness. So I come to write, this is a hero who can set up the ears! "This means that write" nature "in need of more noble character, is pure nature and the exquisite artistic accomplishments.
"There Me" and "Selfless" is the "realm ideal" theory of a pair of important aesthetic aspect of the realm of the show is shown as "separated" and "separated", "Undivided" issues raised in the The focus and cut into a different angle, it emphasizes the realm of "truth" and "deep", "see who really, deeply understand that person." "Undivided" has two connotations, the surface refers to the language of faith, nature, and the deep meaning of things that the true origin.In this sense, of "truth" does not mean we are looking at the inanimate nature, does not mean the subjective imprint on "natural person", which refers to the full original spiritual nature, art objects "undivided" realm is difficult to achieve, is really just an unattainable model. The vast majority of Chinese art is King. As Mr. Yuan xingpei said "the development of Chinese poetry, from one side it is the natural process of continuous imagery. "So the theory of long-term rule is not a conception of Chinese poetry, but the interest, charm, and so were its core is to view the situation, take a little appearance of God," feeling "separated the performance of a" King. "Wang Guowei about the" separated "contains two aspects, one in the image area, one in the language. Yixiang aspects of" separated "as the Chinese art Implicitness performance, constitute almost a history of artistic styles, is consistent with the Chinese people's intuitive thinking arrangement, in line with the subtle beauty of the pursuit of Chinese art. "separated" as a unique aesthetic of Chinese art, the image of natural scenery as the performance, and should be affirmed.Of course, for linguistic fog barrier caused by the "other" should be rejected.
Wang Guowei's Realm to divergent views of the "mood" of rooted in "the" Pursuit rather than "end" of the stubborn taste on. Canglang of "interest", Nguyen Pavilion of the "charm" of the connected with the state, but "interest", "charm" the essential attribute of the United States, people from the watch "face" to be held in-depth nature, so ethereal Implication of the memorable find the specific entity may sense the image, so he believes that "interest", "charm" and "But Road, its face" and "state" word, for the exploration of its present also. Said: "Words temperament, words and spirit, as made state. There realm, this is also, temperament, charm, at the end also. Have followed both state and carry on."(The late not published, 14).
Wang Guowei thought is a master of mood, and made his new play, so on from the previous style, skill theory, theory into the essence of fun. "State" is the core of the ideology of Wang Guowei, a philosophical, personification, aesthetics of color, that are vastly different from their predecessors. Wang Guowei's "state" as the text of an ancient tradition of "mood" theory development plan on a successful end. .
"Genius" and "games" and "pain" and "classical" and "realm", respectively, from the origins of literary creation, aesthetic and aesthetic features and provides the overall concept of literary theory, and generally showing its true literary ideas. The theory explains the formation of the theory of literary thought two clues: one is derived from the aesthetics of Western philosophy and fine detailed grasping, second is the soul of ancient Chinese literature. In epistemology, Wang Guowei from the subject and object, the relationship between life and nature in the true meaning of hair micro literature, reflects the profound contradiction between ideal and reality; in methodology, Wang Guowei to China by Western aesthetics of literature, the history of textual criticism, textual analysis to literary criticism, showing the integrity of thinking, so full of philosophical aesthetics of Wang Guowei the significance of profoundly convey the nature of literary ontology. .
Wang Guowei is China's traditional literary criticism last monument, its location is in Chinese and modern Western and modern. As that of evaluation, "Wang Guowei's aesthetics, including his realm is characterized on the one hand, it is the Chinese classical aesthetics of inheritance and summary and trend of Chinese literature. "(Zhu-Yuan, Liu zhaoxia).
【Song】 Wu. .
Becomes empty cigarette 4, fade, the Blue Star pendant length?.
Magic Cang cliff cloud tree, names baby Kanaya, residual Pa Miyagi. .
Air-launched rocket trails acid, greasy water staining flowers flavor.
Sprinkle two-ring when the Mandarin Duck, Sound of Autumn Leaves Gallery. .
The Palace of King drunk, Sin-five Lake weary guests wake up, fishing.
Ask the heavens silent, Huafa Chennai Shanqing. .
Culvert empty, Langan, rushed out of the Raven height, slant sunset fishing Ting.
Lian Hu wine, the song of last autumn and the cloud level. .
【 】 Brief.
This is one of the for boarding. It is depicting a mountain board Lingyan seen as well as King Wu of the historical monuments, to express the grief of this Diaogu injury. .
According to Mr Ronald chengtao Wu Meng form of "dream window thirty in Suzhou as warehouse desk staff, ranking the dead for 10 years (the portions of the autumn flowers" Word cloud: "ten years post NG Garden"), Wu Ch'eng of extremely well. During this period, he wrote many works (such as the sound of slow · Sun Jian with Act No Huai Yu Guo Xi Road, pool and enjoy the day before the leap to nine, the Magnolia slow · Tiger Hill with bunker Curtain Tour "," Jo Chen Jian near · Shaoyi was bin table xi line Ministry ", etc.), with the eight sound Ganzhou ideology and reality" is the strongest.
Wu was born in the late Southern Song Dynasty, its date of birth on the death from the Northern Song Dynasty about seven years, from the Song of the Death Nianxia death less than two decades. Six years he was alive, outside the impressive foe, in the right minister and the country. Faced with this reality, of striking sad, Fu Xing sad thing. Therefore, written in Suzhou for boarding of all showing varying degrees of grief sound sad memorial today. "Bashengganzhou", by showing the kind of Jiegufengjin the edge, over the same period compared with other works, it seems obvious. This is because the concentration of Lingyan mountain with King Wu of the historical monuments, the face of these relics from years of sorrow can not hold back. .
Whole word consists of six parts. The opening two lines of a paragraph that describes the characteristics of the environment, lingyan Shan: foothills around the mighty empty, but as the eye can see, lingyan Shan are springing up like a giant Comet, coming down from heaven. The second paragraph of the "magic" collar up three sentences. Because of the "Star" from the next, so it turned out a dreaming of ancient history. The "colours of Cliff cloud village", "name", WA gold is just a temporary leave from Prince of dominating the relic. From "arrow shooting eye diameter acid wind" at the end of the first film was the third paragraph. "Arrow Trail," "tired of the water," then things are now is still clearly demonstrated in the present, which recurs on another feeling, feeling, emotion and rich associations. The films were shown for the first three is the fourth paragraph. On the history of opposition to the two things together, compared with to be described: First, "king palace intoxicated" One Fan Li, "Wake up fishing alone." The former, in the beauties of the beauty obsessed, intoxicated dancing pleasure, and finally killed the country seen their homes destroyed; the latter, clearly estimated, "and common trouble can not and common music" of the future, mission accomplished, boating lakes above to complete itself.The third sentence, it is not practical to pleasure in the small to the Imperial Court to satirize. "Sufferers" sentence in the fifth paragraph, noting that the Alpine Lake in the name of the old State, but the world was in a State of flux, the author cannot save endangered sing-song. "Empty" culvert to the article will be the sixth segment. This six sentences to King knot, rongqing into depression, including all the-Daphne.
This art has four more outstanding. One is the realistic scenario, historical sites and personal feeling perfectly intertwined. This is manifested not only intertwined, on the whole film, but also expressed in the phrase of the intertwined on. Read the whole article on the reality, history, and individuals are intertwined (such as "vague air smoke four away," "Sunset Yu Deng inclined to send arbitrary Crow" is a realistic scenario; "Cang cliff cloud tree, names baby Kanaya "is a historical relic;" ask the heavens silent, Huafa Chennai Shanqing "is a personal feeling). More importantly, the phrase often among these three perfect blend seamlessly together to enrich the artistic conception of the word, deepening the word thought.If the "arrow-shooting eyes, acid wind greasy water with flowers. When you shower, lounge with double Uyen leaves in autumn. "These four words, almost every sentence contains historical relics in front of the scenery, author of deep sorrow words. The ink is also truth, doubtful, when, when virtual ancient mo. The author lives in 700 years ago, there was no video and audio equipment. However, in the eyes of the authors, it seems that there is always some form of the ancients; in front of swaying, it seems that the author's ears can hear some years before of a sound. "Mandarin Duck and ring when the double shower, Gallery Sound of Autumn Leaves", not that you can almost hear the beauties then walking back and forth in the ring porch footsteps Why? Up his eyes on, the original is the falling of the leaves in the beating of the wooden porch of this ... ... a few words, not only interesting flavor, but is to be some twists and turns of. .
The second is to, as the link text to make the whole word consistent, unified whole. Words are really magic on a slice of reality, but to transcend; although scenery under the sink, but the complex interweaving of ancient and modern, into time and space as a whole, and everywhere to lament the world authors. While the above between the hook chain, chimed in, there is a whole body. For example, the first "becomes empty cigarette four far" this broad picture up throughout, although there is a majestic, but makes some sense over the following sentence, to the mountain immediately. In addition, the following are "culvert empty" Taihu Lake scenery. Another example, "blue sky falling long-Star" Sentence Although there have been "Cang Cliff Cloud Tree", whom the implementation of sentences, but the films were shown replaced the "silver hair Sinai", "Langan high", "the song of to" Sentences to be rendered. Another example is "Autumn and the cloud level," and begins with "vague air smoke four far" echoes the beginning. "Name baby Kanaya, residual Ba Miyagi" and also by the films were shown, "king intoxicated" and other words to sum up. Unless stopped, the structure can be seen on all the wonderful articles to. .
Third, through the setting and the introduction of wide imagination. On the surface, the term seems to be only the "fade" is a rhetorical question, in fact, the three-character words with collar visible directly through the following four sentences. It contains the following four sentences are asked ". As the authors think strange whole lingyan Shan imagination become from the next of a comet. The author, by putting not only underlines the abrupt, lingyan Shan mountains, but also through the Comet and the fall, linked to the demise of the Yue Wu and rejuvenation. "Fade" write also exacerbated "magic words" faint memories of blurred and shocking to find mysterious atmosphere. Another example is "ask the heavens silent", here's "Q" word tight bearing Loading the "particular year", while also providing the heavens, Castle Peak are personified. .
Fourth, diction, inimitable. CI uses many fresh and unique, rich emotional words for the whole article. If the "tournament" and "magic" and "acid wind," "flower flavor," "wake up", etc. Among them, the "flower" fishy "smell" and original author. On the one hand, this "fishy" antiquata, Belle was dumping of jailhouse water "ran", at the same time, this "fishy" and also in the two years since the rise and fall into a bloody mess odor, reflecting the author on the history and reality of the threat, including indescribable.
Previous comments Muso words, many ridiculed the obscure, or that its "not a fragment," while the song "Bashengganzhou" 却无 these problems. It not only conception Transcendence, lofty realm, from the structure of terms, is a clear pulse Road, into a muddy, impeccable. Speaking from the ideological content, whether poem or from the art of speaking, could be regarded as the masterpiece Mengchuang one word. .
— Lang in Shanghai University's speech.
To fiscal year was a very large handsome young man, is now made up the vast gray eyes. .
I look at the whole last year property reform under the impact of the great debate, I speak slowly, I am afraid of you, many do not understand so slowly, I'm very busy, wants to College, I had to come into contact with several universities with graduate or undergraduate students for further communication. You know why, because when I was in University, Professor speaks a word it changed my life, his name is in your microeconomics in professors named Mr. Bourdais is a very famous one professor.
At that time I wrote a letter to him, and he gave me back the letter, very encouraged me. I thought he said is true, "he said young people do have a momentum ah so you will in the future can become a great economist," I believed it know ah. I began to work very hard to read economics and then to go abroad for a PhD, my luck is good, my TOEFL exam, 550 points I GIA1640 a total of 2400 I was privileged to enter Norton School of Business. .
This is by no means my abilities, just my luck compared to good, I look back, why they would want me, I understand, I finally understand because I applied for a wrong in my application called Business Economics Department, they have just established, no one knows, I do not know I had unwittingly Hutu, a total of seven individual applications so they had. So I put revenue, then after I went to the Finance Department, read a few years I began teaching in the United States, I met a professor who Bao Boer, the New York University, he is my colleague, I was has made a lot of papers in the United States, and is considered a very famous, and I took the letter he had written to me to him and asked him remember this letter written, ah, ah sorry, he said, are talk nonsense, no matter how he words it, let me become who I am today. .
So today, in this lecture, I want to convey a kind of message, I thought for a long time, I don't want to just have a chat with you, Pat bum is to leave, I hope to be able to young people who leave a message, or an action, we know what we Chinese are now missing.
I ah ah the past few years to fight everywhere in the country has been criticized by how kind of ah, ah, ah was told, was Gu Chujun to tell me he wanted to seek justice, fair results do not recover, and the truth is not discernible self-evident . .
Ladies Please think about it, why are there so many problems, for example, we introduced a stock ownership-why investors so hated, why property reform so simple question, when I put it in the future would be so many problems, I understand that even I can tell you what the property reform in China, China property reform is the most ridiculous of history, that is, I have told a story.
"Our house is dirty ah, ah I call a nanny to clean up our house, the nanny ah it after cleaning our house, this house had become of her. This is the reform of property rights in China today. What is called the TCL of the property reform it, and that is our home dirty, my house worth a million, what I call a nanny to take 400 a month, and then she told me, I want to take one of the 200 then to buy your home equity I head a halo ah, I agreed.Well then you buy stock, but I forgot that, Ah, China property reform this price is fixed by the purchaser himself knew it, and then he said, the price is $ 1 million in your family, we assess the price is 600-block. The nanny, Ah we buy my house.
Our country experts are still beating the drums loud applause here, I do not understand why. Even to the last debate, it was said that Professor Lang, do you know there popsicles theory anyway. What is popsicles theory you know it. I think you better than I know, that is state-owned enterprise system to die, where it is like a popsicle out of the same vain, instead let it melt, ah, how kind as to give than to give it to state-owned veterans forget . .
Because things are their own good, I recently did a case study, called CHANGHONG, then you should go online to see if it looks to me here at CHANGHONG, I came to the conclusion that what you know. Ice lolly theory are State-owned enterprise bosses fed reserve heart to State-owned enterprises engage in bad, bad guys decided to finally tell the system to you. What is a fair society. Do you know what I did say to the entrepreneurs, when I would ask them a very painful, I said take all entrepreneurs and ah, you dare to which individuals in 2005 for giving your daughter a baby alone to go to school , and you dare to, no one would dare tell you I have to send their daughters to school Mercedes. .
Because we have found the, Ah, Ah reform over to our community is serious turbulence and uncomfortable, and even on each entrepreneur himself itself cannot guarantee the security of your children you are able to protect you, we really had a kind of reform, and even the stock market today is so low, the reason that the Commission has introduced some useless policy. For example, for example, equity QFI score system, you no matter what kind of policy introduced at the end of the day you get reality is Deputy surface.
You think of listed companies defrauded a total of 24 000 thousand Wu Bai million, returned to shareholders how much is it eight thousand million. You are such a big difference, how can you be worthy of the stock market. All this story, you know I do not know what I would like to send a message, we Chinese people, ah, ah inside the blood not keep the blood of conscience and fiduciary responsibility. .
If you look at the State-owned enterprises in General, we found that such a phenomenon, our experts have criticized what our State Veterans do not good, because you give him money. Two thousand pieces a month, or 24 block, this is not enough compensation to him. Do you think he has done such a great company. For example, Haier, I so much criticism I get Haier, Haier, 1985 is a Haier refrigerator plant a rotten with joy, but for all of the hard work of Comrade Zhang ruimin, Haier's brilliant today, Ah, did he not supposed to have it all for you.
Do you think is not very reasonable, many companies use the same logic to the debate for me, I ask you a student here, you ah just over 20 years old, you and our generation is not the same. Haier 1985 compared with today's big at least a few times, how much revenue to the state in 2003, global sales of goods is zero 2 billion Babai, who created all this is created by Zhang, should he should not have All you, or you have most. .
We think it right, I believe that many of the students said that part should be given to him. So I ask you one thing, the whole of China's State-owned enterprise bosses you who think you GE Wilson great there, I can answer for you, no one dared to raise their hands, no. Because you didn't his greatness, no.1 Haier but 200 million RMB, zero General Electric is a few thousand billion dollars. But you Do you not know Will came to power in 1981 to step down after the second ten years away from how much money GM, he was taken away more than 100 million U.S. dollars only, or a small company whose shareholders, and some even criticized me for that General Electric is an exception you. .
Well I give another example of Chrysler bankruptcy early 80, found a reorganization reorganization, King David Aikman card a few years, and performance of the company up and then it company who or small and medium-sized investors. He then took a sum of money, why can't know, because this is our lack of fiduciary responsibilities.
Have you ever thought of doing it should be, but we do not think so and doing well should not be, and to do good it should be. Find a lot of reasons, popsicles theory Ye Hao, inadequate incentives 也好. Anyway, ah want to resist the existing state-owned assets is the ultimate goal. .
Speaking of the Red Tower, Chu-Shi-Jian was arrested for corruption, many media. But I ask, is your Chu-Shi-Jian on their own, or as a result of State-owned enterprises. I can tell you that if the Government does not allow private enterprise to make tobacco, which will have you Chu-Shi-Jian today!.
So now I'm on the entrepreneur program is only one China Vanke's Wang Shi. No one dared to come, Wang Shi on my show, "Financial Lang," a remark, I was the only Paixiong Fu dare to dare, without the slightest fear, because I was a professional manager. Professor Lang Do you know how I did is developed, I developed hoarding corn, corn shortage hoarding corn, but why are they free me to the accumulation of corn, because I know you state-owned enterprises.If you are a private entrepreneur, everything you said makes his own hand lick foot out, I will not criticize you, but you know, this stand is for you, is the nation people entrusted to you, you have no duty to do, I say to you, no..
I use a word the whole country to describe us as a country do not trust responsibility. We do not even know what the trust responsibility. Then we do not trust responsibility in a country, to a western introduction to financial instruments, such as the stock market, stock market without a fiduciary duty is the fate of China's stock market today. .
So what is called the fiduciary responsibility. I first started talking about 1533, 1533, is one of the company system. 1533 years in England, there were 240 London businessman, an out of the 25 pound bought three vessels to go to China, and then go get so much money with three vessels, what is the flagship, called Moscow Wei,, then these people went after the man was. Go how to do it, they go to do nothing about them, ah, so then it would have to invent a word called Trust called trust, you trust them outside in addition there is no way you can do it, fortunately gas well so what, they come to a place for selling the boat, and then Na Zhaoqian live to your home do not know. .
And these people on board, but no, they went to the Norwegian Sea was caught in heavy waves hit the boat sank two, leaving a flagship Moscow Wei, continue to order encountered an Arctic couldn't go, so turn right, into a wasteland and 200 crew disembarked in a sleigh away 42 km to find a group of people, in the United Kingdom is very famous in the history of a group of people, called terror King Elvin tribes, they were very excited, and then take the gear and the local people for sculpture etc things change a lot of things are thought to have cheap, after these goods sent back to London to sell, sell a lot of money, they have to pay the money back to the 240 London merchant . This time, ah, that is the world's first corporate governance, then the same again the next time he was a sea captain, his private rate is high. Why, as a ship can have more people to donate money to him, that there is any difference with the stock market does, is not this the stock market it? . .
As a corporate governance, at that time a British people spread out in the middle of that kind of talent to get the highest private rate that must be to have the fiduciary responsibility of the person, the people give money to you then you won't spend all his money, this man next fundraising words?, he can raise the most money, so the source of the private rate. But this is the 16 century the concept of the private rate, but this mentality of the environment in the United Kingdom under or survive, because the situation was very complex, in the sixteenth century, it is the tenth attack century Spain and England at war time, Spain armada to fight the British fleet. Generated by the war at this time of modern financial instruments, first appeared in the bonds, known as war bonds. .
States fight to the end, not to lend money to people, and war. But after playing war to return the money, but the country is not on the money to do it, just like we did in playing LUCF. After threshing LUCF and after a few days, they must repay the money you have, we finance students also contribute to a solution, how to pull money out of it. For the Government debt, so is our ultimate goal of finance. So I think, Ah yes, a clever suggestions on King, these also do not have money for war bonds and to engage in a LUCF market calling? Stock market it is called on to use this cheat, how can he continue to deceive and then go down. The Stock market is not the market or vegetable market in a mess this is to deceive, and you should like what must be like Shanghai Stock Exchange in this way. Gao De magnificent marble columns marble, looks just like you cheated. .
So please watch out what you like--as well as the SSE is magnificent and very pretty, or can't, like the Hall University here in respect of fraud. Finally the Government will put these so-called stock all the Stock sold to the first fool, idiot, do to others boast that we bought the shares of the Government of India and China to fight and then get back the gold is our cash flow, and then sold to the second group of fools, there were sold to this day these fools. The stock is everyone. The same thing in today's China would occur, in the past Europe was necessarily occur. So you will not know that in between 1721 to 1723 it occurred in France, the stock market jumped disk, called the Mississippi bubble in France, the United Kingdom called the British South Sea Bubble, which is a noun. In three years, the stock market sharply throughout the spring plate. .
Why we found to today China is exactly the same. What is included, insider trading, manipulating stock prices, amounts to speculation in the stock market, there are so-called securities company in it fucking followed. Our 2005 today what happened?, you will find in 1720 years happened, but what are the benefits of did you know that our people is never learn, we don't like reading books, our books are studying in the University. So I am very shocked, Ah, from the fiscal gate came in and found a crowd of people there to sell books. On the right, you see not. These students to graduate, all the books sold, and why. No longer have to read his life, he would do know, he will access, he would buy gossip magazines, which he can see. .
For us is the ostrich, European events, we simply do not see that we have. Heck. But you know that history is continually repeat the tragic past, but we just don't learn Chinese. This is a sad know.
When we introduce the system, you do not know the same thing happened in 300 years ago, only you, ah do not know. At that time the government how to handle it, I tell you after listening to ensure you sad. 1720 the British Government introduced what it bills, called bubble bill. Bill said that the bubble is what happens, you see ah it introduced the policy of the Chinese government today what a difference.It is the stock market is constantly jumping up as a result, the Government of the United Kingdom France resort off the stock market, the foam under the provisions of the Bill of the UK stock market turned 100 years, France since many companies to borrow money from the bank stocks, the French Government banned the word banned banks in 150 years. As a stock market reach this level is difficult to return to the intramuscular injection you will never be able to make his ruling. What is the best thing is that the British Government made off. We say that today we are China's stock market to this State, the Government introduced a policy are invalid.
We all know why, because in 1533 the people in my heart that the existence of fiduciary duty in the elite class ah which does not exist with China today is the same. And you all think about property rights reform in a big discussion last year throughout the circumstances, against me are elite class and interest groups. I do support all the poor people, why? Britain was the case with the same truth ah in the private sector. So what history has proved that any reform must have a large base of public opinion to do, because here, this is highly recommended by Western democracies point.Why the referendum, is not an ordinary people smarter, and we can understand that truth is in the private sector.
But this people so hate the stock market in 1720 to turn off, then power and wealth in it to win it a lot of cash, is what I have said today's stock market cycle we go Wu Bai 100 000 000 24 000 thousand, feedback only eight thousand million, how can we sleep without sense I really do not naive, so why these people take violent and subject to cross-compete less than a point penalty, I ask you where our country's legal system. In the hundred years is a segment of the financial history of split level, either out of a great economist, he is the father of an economist, and his name is Adam Smith.Adams is very interesting the secret of his theory is called the germinal ".
I told you about the Wealth of Nations, many people have seen me go bail for many people to read. Do you know why you can not read, because you do not understand in front of this paragraph. If you do not understand the tragic history of Europe that ah, you can not imagine how to make a country prosperous and strong. How can we make this so-called trust responsibility is it to regain control of the country, to allow the state to the control of ordinary people, not for the elite class controlled. This is where the elite of the book, how to create great wealth of the country's largest.That is the spirit of germinal, a new law, he is such a thought, his thinking book of love charm, he referred to the equality, public opinion, etc. But the entire way of thinking, in the United Kingdom Government, from King Henry II and his Royal ** homes for serious research into his thoughts. The folk thinking that became dominant in the direction of national policy development. This is the Royal Court has been trying to do, so the 1873 to 1875 the Royal courts of common law and equality were completed by merging, hereinafter referred to as the common law.
Common law legal system today on the United Kingdom is the United States to implement the rule of law. Let me tell you an interesting fact that stock markets around the world, only these two countries is the best. Including Germany, France, China also very poor, France and Germany do not like Hong Kong, Hong Kong, poor enough, and not such as Hong Kong does. Why you have not thought about. Why do you think about it, so what I am here today to the concept of a so-called legal system here is where we talk about it very clearly.Because sitting members and I do not understand what the common law, we do not know what a successful launch of the stock market can thrive in this legal basis. You changed the rule of law will not do good, and it is not our capacity is not enough, but you don't know this historical background, how do you get off to a good stock market. And we are all Chinese people, Ah, you've elitism, Ah, when you.
Well first tell me, when I was little my parents forced me to just go to school every day, ah I hate the. When I was small I was not very smart, I probably had 30 years of age to only feel smart. I remember when I went to the first two days of bad results, and finally the teacher assigned to the Chorus, it is not what is Chorus studies classes, do it, call you in junior high school before graduation to learn a specialized technical preparations for the job went out, I was studying under the door every means Wu Nai woodworking, so I can do carpentry or fine.I am ready to go when the furniture workers, I gave my mother said junior high school graduation will give me a little bit of money to open a small factory for making furniture.
Historical reasons, of course, I accidentally admitted to the middle of high school and we have to go do today, when I do want to go after high school when the singer, and my father forced me to go on the unhappy non-college entrance examinations. I'll test it probably is a bad university worse than Shanghaicaida university. If I can test to Shanghaicaitai I am pleased if it was dead, I can not pass the test, but ah. My father missed my life, ah, like when I do on his debut as singer, I am definitely not Andy Lau under the ah. So many reporters have told me that Professor Lang Why do you love to sing two songs, the first song called silent Bureau, the second song called Heaven.Very clear, due to this situation is caused by God.
Here I do not know how to do that are silent ending. Wu Nai every means to go down this road of no return under, well, then it anything to do with the common law does, I told you about nothing. So you think about it we are following can be elitist love insects know. When I was little I could do not to adapt to this system, our system of college entrance examination is what you know, is training a group of creative will not solve problems of the people. I do not what creative problem-solving course was it was not worse.This system that we needed to hand, my parents kept telling me you want to take a good hard not to when you want to work that you must be studying better so as to when the elite.
Mom and Dad gave me small talk, then I do so I secretly vowed that I would grow up, I never forced my son to study. But I'd like to tell, so I grew up with my son after the death not only forced him to study outside of what I drove him Saturday to learn the piano, you sit with you at you like you do I suffer hardship benefits children are trained, why do so know, because I am also following can be elitist love bug. Ah we in this life was the kind of elitism was tortured Debu adult. Creativity is not the slightest pleasure in life is not the slightest, in fact kind of thinking because, under some simply can not understand what you are common law.I'm with you, for example, students have studied law, such as litigation, the judge is a farmer, Wow this is broken, look at how the farmer jailed is finished. I would say that this judge is lang, Professor of Economics at Harvard University, Ph.d., members: Oh it was relieved. Because you want something, do not blame you, Ah, I was thinking of things. So I took in Norton, Ph.d. later felt really you know. Wow elite. Results in the New York University teaching and feel great.
The United States is common law countries, resulting in a court to a subpoena, I was nervous to see is the case I do not want to sentence. The results saw not, let me go when the jury members, I saw I was very excited I think, ah my best because I do elite. I am so excited the night did not sleep well the next day ready to office, and dressed with a look today, also called a man's suit and red tie went. One to do this after the court of common law, that he had been too great, and know why I have this feeling I do, because there I saw another 11 jurors who saw that stupid look.A look at the elite know it's not, there are several other people to take a look at the Puerto Rico is very annoying. So I'm elite, and they do not sit as it will not be able to sit together, with you, so I went to the jury, after seats move away a little bit right not to sit together with them.
Tastes great, elite and non-elite on this difference, I am a bath every day. To begin a one opposing counsel asked, and asked them enough qualified as jurors, then as I think I definitely qualify for, and they that 11 is definitely not qualified to do because they are not elite. Asked the last one is me, because I removed the right stool. 11 individuals have qualified and I am sure they are qualified eligible. So the other lawyers said, "Mr. Lang," I said yes yes yes, you have to education, I said never mind sorry about, I'm Business School, Dr. Norton.The lawyer said, "Hey bite is really so that no appeal to the Tribunal," I said that is not an ordinary person can go read it. "It's your job is," I said that's not to mention, I am sorry to tell you, Ah, I said I was from New York University Professor. I said I picked up three years Dr. Professor isn't that ordinary people can do it, I was too great.
Then the other lawyer said, "out" ah, my name is ah next to a pig out, go out, he was the most foul, I said out, out. Then the lawyer said, "Mr. Lang is not ah ah you go out," hey I said you do against a I ah elite you find out you have to find such a level where people ah. "Out, out, out", I Feel Like Punching him please, I say you this is racial discrimination. Well, then had the people sit out, hey pretty polite people.Americans more hypocritical on the surface, very polite, and then the other lawyer said to me, "Mr. lang, in fact, you don't know, like you people are paranoid, why did you know that because one person through postdoctoral, now that would be this big historical perspective company system, like this kind of thing you could spend a lifetime to study, which shows how paranoid. Easy to say you're crazy, crazy, paranoid is when members of the jury, "and I didn't understand why I say it, what people can. "Then I ask the words, Mr. Lang, you Kan Bukan newspaper," I said look, I not only read the newspaper and see what financial Lang, everything I see ah. He said that worse, that I do not want you such a person. We need a group that is not read so do not read newspapers nor watch television people. I say this is what this means. "You know what the common law right, so we are a group of brain space to people, these people thought of his childhood is his education in this community meeting, including neighbors, teachers, friends, brothers, TV with radio. So His idea is the most fundamental is a microcosm of society. ". .
Understand what I mean, please remember I said before community of germinal notarized by the community. So to finally discover why he needs a lot of white people, who he thinks is the community fill-he understands what I mean, he's no value judgement is this social judgment this is his most notarized. So China is a civil law system, the United States is the common law, as we all know what is the difference.
China's judges sentenced corruption is not corruption if he does not, he is the absolute standard of truth for the sentence, all articles should act. He pursued what he judges to China to pursue an objective of absolute truth, and common law jury of his pursuit of what society, public opinion, because of these killings can be innocent, although you kill a man full of evidence, as long as you The sense that you can kill innocent be released, this is the common law system. In the 80's did not have a large period of the riots in Los Angeles, black riots.At that time it was blacks speeding police stopped, four white policeman looks down his grasp, beating death did not live to play, the black called Kinen. Beaten for a used camera filmed as a full Court, this is too obvious a criminal record, to start playing to beat people to death, there must be evidence looks after the police combined with a great bar and the blacks do not afford a lawyer, by an ordinary court-appointed counsel to him. That the white man's lawyer he was very smart, he clearly knows what is the criterion to decide cases in the United States, public opinion in society, so the location requested by the court to decide cases in the city center to suburbs, you know why. I am here today to tell you this thing that the United States, the rich live in the suburbs, only the poor personnel living in the city, with our Shanghai On the contrary, I'm sorry ah, if you live in the suburbs I am not saying you have no money to . If so, then decide cases in the city then you are black jury, you understand what I mean. .
You to the suburbs, then you're jury members are white, what are the benefits of the countryside, because the US police and public, school funding come from estate taxes, as long as this area is rich of the policeman, the more it and order the better. So the black area is not the police, because they can't afford to police recruits. Therefore, in the suburbs, your bread and butter is the relationship between the police and civilians so very good, so take this video a drop after the twelve members of the jury, are white are good relationship between the police and, after reading that damn good shot, killed his mother had killed it okay so troublesome. Police acquitted of a decision to the U.S. legal system that, though you have such strong evidence that the four white police officers is a crime, but society's public opinion to tell you they are innocent and this country's legal system, therefore it is not the same. .
But why is this legal to accompany keeps the best stock market, I for example have a look, we're three years ago a matter a guangxia event, of course, there are a lot of what DeLong and green Kerr, of course, this involves me embarrassed they know I still relatively kind. Previously people say I'm not as I will now begin to compare a little tenderness.
So tell me this company has nothing to do, he was forged export documents, manipulation of stock prices. So this kind of thing we can not decide cases in China, why, I have spoken because we are civil law countries, based on what must be accordance with the law for the absolute truth. But ah ah crimes are walking in the articles before, you do not have a provision for deciding a case, you understand what I mean. You can not set his offense, so no one has been sentenced, this is our civil law issues.But the common law is not the same, these dead people happy that members of the jury, although their boneheaded idiots but he'll want to know, he would be the most simple and logical to think that he's going to think you know what, if my son's transcript will fake words that I will beat him to death. Now that my son can't fake the results to be listed on the transcript could fake it, comment on it so that he doesn't need law does not require a legal basis does not need a lawyer does not require judges to everyone so that words?, pronounced the sentence you are guilty. And then the judges will, according to this judgement will set you a few years ' imprisonment. So what does this mean it, this is about social justice ah before only in common law jurisdictions can be fully expressed. And the United States and Britain, its only such law in the United States Department of Security and every little people have the right to sue public companies. Then he said to the child care justice in Hong Kong last year, told me why tell me in Hong Kong because Hong Kong is very expensive litigation, the court is of hundreds of thousands a day to understand what I mean you. .
I was a poor Professor litigation against you, and he hoped that I lost proves that he is right. I can not pay, it can not be like the u.s. won in pay. American shareholders litigation is very simple, two methods, the first win is giving money to play unbeaten is not for money. Winning words like lawyers, defeat is not paid. And when you listed when you charge a person charged. You have the interest to all shareholders, not everyone has to to litigation, the Court cannot be comps. Because of this system so U.S. investors can be protected, you understand what I mean in such a special system created under a special stock market, which is why the stock market only in the common law of criminal juries to conviction . Civil law are not crimes because the crimes are scheduled to go before the articles. This is why the civil law of the stock market I can arbitrarily say is good for every one. Therefore, China's stock market bad today, sorry for the Germany and France can not be too bad.This is a historical reality, but you need to know this kind of out of the trust responsibility to the start of it all is. So I started to speak in front of one of our property reform or equity score system, we are missing on the lack of such a fiduciary duty, but this method is not what we can learn, we may not be copied nor imitated. Because this is a natural history of the formation of the legal system, and then a great strategist, tactician, politician and jurist, the great, great to not disown his firm.
This man is old France and French people, he saw the formation of the United Kingdom because the system does not drop the Japanese empire, what is the sun does not empire, that is, no matter which place in the sun all the British flag. It was the most brilliant British 18 when the nineteenth century. Why, because the common law an invisible form that accompanied each discipline ah pull British American heart. I, for example, you know the United States has three time zones, from east to west, ah, three time zones, you have to transfer from East to West for three hours.China has only one time zone, why this time zone from the Soviet Union down to China's turn to China following in, we can not be three time zones, there would be chaos. While the United States each year have two next to save time, increase almost an hour and an hour of slow. Every American knows that they are only in the first day of the newspaper a tiny little square that is the time to tune in tomorrow, the second day, nobody was late national mobilization. I am a Professor I special scared of late, I was nervous because I have no discipline. Because I am a little old in the discipline, and Americans are very disciplined, and each of the old US-ah from the east to fly west to fly east from the west will be transferred own time, no problem, this great discipline to create the great American empire and the British Empire, I have talked about a great jurist he saw a result of this great British institution of France Ji discipline, so Ne he 说 How do we make French disciplined, the first of a rich Strong people first and foremost. The man who he is that he created the first civil law code. Napoleon, he knew, like the French did with the Chinese very lax discipline. .
Therefore it uses bar let you have the discipline. How have the discipline, we require you to let you turn to the left, and you can't turn your walk you can't stop. You are not a discipline? I used each and every act so much, you have the discipline. He began from the civil law and the Penal Code, the formation of the first civil law code. You know that that discipline the root cause of the Central ** of the French legal system construction, when there is no democracy without freedom, only what a ** Government formed by the legalization. The second great man, he invented the second part of the code of civil law, who he is. Germany's Iron Chancellor, the same piece Tasman use to allow a German discipline, the horse Tasman Iron Chancellor during a period of big government, no freedom without democracy, what are the basis for the rule of law. So there is only one country in Asia, only the most disciplined, so is Japan. Japan, who established the discipline is the era of the Japanese Emperor, the Japanese people for many years to the Chinese discipline of painful memories. But you think of the world three hundred years of history is written by several countries which is the United States, Britain, Germany, France and Japan.The five countries adapted for three hundred years of history in the world, every war has their accession, other countries, including China, it is poverty and backwardness, ignorance, you know that we lack, we lack the discipline under the law.
Look at today's France, Germany and Japan. Which country is not free parliamentary democracy and the Constitution. So we often say that we have to introduce democracy to the freedom of bringing in private enterprise can introduce to us as strong as Germany, France and Japan. If you think so, then I tell you you're wrong, why, because democracy is what a free and democratic constitution is a result, he is not the cause. What is the real reason is the only big government formed by the right of legal construction of the most important, the year when construction of the legal system can form only after the formation of a set of institutionalized rules of the game.Whereas the rules of the game is to regulate the Government and each individual's behavior. Only in each specification has thought you wouldn't have formed big bullying xiaoqiang bully. Because only established in the rules of the game, the middle class will be able to rise, rise of the middle class is really beyond real democracy and freedom. So you want to jump from confusion to a democratic free neglect of world power of legalization of words?, which brings you in the end is the Philippines, the Philippines is an American former colonies, he was in 1958, when it is Asian superpower. He inherited all of the system of the United States, including the election of parliamentary democracy, everything. What are private enterprises, including the presidential system, there is no state-owned enterprises. This is not our model for you, this is not our domestic experts and scholars in recent years the phenomenon of the pursuit of you, we do not want democracy to be free to do the private economy.But I tell you when a country has no legal norms, you find that you get is not a brilliant in your heart, and the United States is today's Philippines, Filipino woman to other countries to do the maid do nannies, why go through this step because the State has no legal building up private entrepreneurs and Government collusion is sweeping the nation's wealth, and that is what is bully bullying. Because you do not have an institutionalized rules of the game, I told you about our last year in China is to go down that road before, and this is why I have such a strong sense of mission, ah my dear daughter you are in another country as a caregiver Well life can be. .
Do you think I'm paranoid, I say to you, take a look at my criticism of Drilon see my criticism of green Kerr, which is not a black hole caused a lot of money, and who will pay the Bill by ·??? members to pay the Bill. And to think that every entrepreneur made money, which is not immediately get golf card immediately and Government officials to play golf, this phenomenon is immutable. Why did you know that many media criticism I say that I am a private killer, in fact, you are wrong. I own the capitalist Economist, I am also not a National Socialist Economist. I am a capitalist economist, how can I do against the private economy, I would not oppose him, I am against what you know. I object to is that there are no standard rules of the game is not the private economy. A private economy in China today without the guidance of the government, then ah, do you let him go on blindly do you know he will do, what is the purpose of private entrepreneurs to do the biggest, is the pursuit of profit. Do this wrong, this is not wrong. .
This is a people including me, are you want to pursue, if you let him only to the pursuit of profit is a unique destination, he's the best way is what you know, the purchase of State-owned assets, cheap buy service is off, what cover real estate land. So don't even bother to get a Government grant of a piece of land, then wait three years and then sell. Round of the society to end up as a real estate community, the high country to the final 1:00 without basis, then I teach the Hen today to so many entrepreneurs graduating students, I can be very regrettable tell you how we successfully 80 percent of people who are engaged in real estate, how can this country become the world's super power it. This case, that is, you let a private company without any specification in the case of a development that is bound to end.In the end we used to think that the efficiency of State enterprises has no burdens, so we sold him to a private enterprise, in the end you know how, private CEOs will buy cheap service to push social workers again, resulting in what social riots and unrest. Who will pay the Bill, by sitting members to pay the Bill.
Not one of your children go to school in the end, this is what we now bear the social consequences. Why come this far, because we have profound anti-wake up to our country what is missing is a legal game rules. We have no way to regulate private entrepreneurs, we can not regulate the behavior of each individual economy, and even we can not regulate government conduct. Thus began the Sixteenth National efforts to pursue what we strive to pursue a legal construction. However, the construction of the legal system takes time, certainly not to say that step can be, and that requires more than ten years, decades or even 35 years time。 But you think that the legal system of the building is today, China is able to get rid of thousands of years the curse of God for China? You just go exam knew, when any changes occur peasant uprising. You know you are in the most prosperous, there are no Emperor Kangxi, Emperor, Xuanzong had there. What are the strongest, and why. Because China is not the so-called legal system of the building, previously known as Legalists Ah is a system instead of the rule of law. Because you do not have a systematic construction of certain economic development to the final formation of large bullying Xiaoqiang bullying, a serious social injustice, 而 to the last rural Why would bankrupt us today to what extent rural you know. We are very prevalent in rural ah usury, we made a statistical study and found that the real loan sharks, ah, only 11% for reproduction, 89 percent of the money it is used for consumption, for example to pay school fees health care so spent the meal. .
Only 11 per cent to 13 for reproduction, interest rates are as high as you know, 25% of loan sharks have 4 minutes. This phenomenon is not with the national Government, we stage almost rural poor Ah already could not focus anymore. Really it is very dangerous, but we have heard today, what solution is the rural land privatization. It can form a land acquisitions, you can increase operational efficiency, I can tell you that this is a heavy down every dynasty, each dynasty of economic measures are also proposed land to annexation. Ah you need to know the social entrepreneur is a very very short of resources, when you bought the land after the farmers, can really improve efficiency, but I tell you ah, farmers get a lot of money can take to make the probability of success zero. Then spend the bare ah not a hair left, or is the loss of the otherwise is deceived, the only two possibilities. Apart from farmers of a small number of minority entrepreneurs like Liu Yonghao. So how do these people have no money, there is survival of the land before, and now even the land was annexed, has been cheated of his money or invest in light of the failure, how do these people.That is the Qing dynasty, Ming dynasty, Song dynasty of peasant uprising. Understand what I mean here, so we walked in a moment of absolute crisis, each young man has to have meaning in crisis, you need to know what we lack today. Our society is a deficiency of legalization of the building. Then you say that the United States, Americans do not understand this phenomenon, he certainly understands that the President of the United States several, we often joke said: what is the United States, is a group of clever about the guy leading those stupid. Americans are stupid but the American Government is very clever, the United States Government does not know?.
He certainly knows that the U.S. Government Do you know that in 1721 stock market crash, what he certainly knew that they were British to the right. But you have to know ah, what kind of person to the United States, having failed to make a will in the United Kingdom to the United States, the United Kingdom at the bottom of the talent will go to America. So these people to the United States what qualities ah, they fared well, but everyone is absolutely extreme doctrine, they are willing to go to America and traveled across oceans, they must give up all previous history, all the care, all families, all social relations.Completely to one's destination, pursuit, a while went to the United States between Murray, these people do not have the fiduciary responsibility, but rather emphasize what is individualism. These 19 individualism to the United States had not page in the world stock markets, to today's China, the China of today I give you data, with the United States was not the same.
The market value of U.S. stock market in 1929 by the 89 billion U.S. dollars ah fell 15 billion U.S. dollars, the stock market crash, we look at the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of Chapter II of the United States we are actually surprised to find all the phenomena occurring at that time with 1720 when the UK is the same, with China's stock market today is the same. That is, no matter what kind of policy the government can not the stock market revival, so the British in 1720 off altogether, and get it working. The United States does, how do the Americans do is not the same as Americans.I speak here in the United States can become the world's superpower is Ah, a great elite Government is critical to the success of the United States. You don't think it is democracy, liberty, and is a great President. Who he is, Roosevelt, Franklin d. Roosevelt came after he did not take the 18th century, the British Government had already invested in the stock market to off.
Instead, he would like to solve the U.S. stock market, he thought torture was a way of building the legal system Yun law. He does this person is extremely intelligent person, is one of the greatest president, than the great Bill Clinton. So how to do this great president is how to build a super-strong U.S. power.I give you tell a simple story, 1891 American President Harrison had a Bill called the antitrust laws, today I am in Europe during the end of a paper, the Trust is a trust fund, the United States why anti trust fund, you know, the things in my thesis is that no one before you know it, because of the Trust Fund for the advocate who is America's great family. This means antitrust law is an anti-who is. This is why the United States from the beginning of 1890 the Rockefeller family, Morgan set up to keep any "fund", to keep out of the Fund's operation and even tell a person you are most familiar with Bill Gates, when reporters asked him He you are the world's richest people do you trust responsibility in this society where Bill Gates said, I will have to set up Bill Gates Foundation, I want my money taken from the community also of the society, then the reporter asked him if you want to leave your children how much. If the Chinese if we do, Oh, are left to his son, certainly as long as there is no inheritance tax would have given him.He said: I'm a child I just give him a million dollars, so that he finished University, my responsibility. All other money is donated to the society, who donated to donate it to a Fund Bill Gates Cancer Fund, why, because the United States Government is very concerned about collusion between the Government of the United States of terror is very aware of this, how can a country strong is definitely not a strong minority.
But what, but the wealth with the people ah, but a people had to let him money. This country can become a superpower of the world, from the beginning until President Harrison President Roosevelt a president every four years continuous efforts to fulfill this mission to be the real wealth with the people. Logically speaking, the Soviet World War II, followed by the United States as strong, he has not possession of wealth among the people, ah, to the final result of the arms race to shore up the Soviet Union was rapidly and cross, while this is one of the greatest achievements of President Ronald Reagan as how to deal with a large family wealth with the people, well, that President Roosevelt thought the next step.Just like the stock market was so bad that you know do not know the American people is through the stock market, the United States to engage in a new deal. The new deal has a staff that Douglas, Douglas told the man that Roosevelt do 1720 years old by the British Government, we don't need to put the u.s. equity markets closed. We need to do, we want to inherit the previous President of the United States has always been the will of the people, how to hide it. Kill no survivors were severely County law, they come up with one of the most stringent regulatory regime in the stock market, the world's stringent because Americans too individualistic. There was no exacting fiduciary responsibilities are, what insider trading, collusion, manipulation of stock prices. After he came out of this if it, shocked the whole world ah. Ah you this kind of practice is wrong, clear water without fish, a bigger cake to say. Came again this can not be controlled, then the Wall Street scared, gigantic lobbying groups to the U.S. House and Senate to do the work, do not let this bill passed. In 1932 it was out of the two bills, one called the Securites Act; the other is called Exchange Act.The first pass, and the second involves supervision so. Then Wall Street with the constant compromise negotiations is not passed, he said: we hate you controlled, but hate the Roosevelt team in the Fair Trade Commission Chairman, hate him because he wants him to, then called the LAN. Why Wall Street couldn't let him out, he will not let the Bill passed. Pass it to the last, and President Roosevelt had a good meeting, said Wall Street's how you want us to do to make it the law is passed, Wall Street said we are prepared to appoint a person to do the things that we do not do Landers Douglas, that who assigned it, was assigned to the largest dealer on the move of the capital, before the current Doerinkel Delong, no matter how called.We assign a time Wall Street's worst person to do, and we do not want a fair trading Commission this too annoying you know, we create a new body, this body is called Securites Exchange Act, that is today's SEC SEC.
So who to turn to when it first chairman of the SFC, then find the largest maker Joseph - Kennedy, he was President Kennedy's father, this man was bad enough, what insider trading, price manipulation, have done a bad thing, he was bad guys in the main fact. Then he served as chairman of the SFC to our Wall Street people are relieved. I do not know what will happen in China, such things happen ah, in the end to keep a strict look for me, and then find a private company came forward I do not know what will happen.Do you think about and Roosevelt thought, with tears in her eyes when he signed the Bill, he knows the American century and strong foundation will destroy him. However, a State can become a world superpower Ah what we all know that depends on you. My favorite song and what that meant. God decided these things, so there is such a Star Spangled Banner asking us American, apart from the God beyond the man, I could not find the second reason is so dramatic changes, these people who wouldn't dream of Wall Street did not expect that, when Kennedy's Office later disown reverse face immediately!.
He immediately appointed two Vice-Chairman, First Vice-Chairman called the Douglas, the Second Vice-Chairman, called Flanders, and this is a great American. I told you about ah the greatest tragedy of our Chinese people where know, people who have moral courage to speak up. So far ah who really have the courage to speak out or I. I hope I go to a university lecture each can do to instill this kind of moral courage to you, our generation is the elimination of China's future really depend on you ah, I took the time to ah is the desire to This concept of fiduciary responsibility to bring every sitting. China belongs to you.Douglas is the second term, the Commission President, Randers third term as President of the Commission, in the efforts of the three individuals, the American stock market step up as figure.
No one dared to manipulate stock prices, no one dared to insider trading. Because they invented a very useful weapon called the defense evidence, also called burden of proof.What is meant by "party proof, we thought it is not the same, in 1250, when King John of England launched the Bill is called the great Charter, Charter made a remark" men are created equal, but people are assuming that innocent unless you prove his guilt ", because John King is a bit of a mentally ill, and his nobles were afraid of him mad they had his head cut off, so in a suburb came his signing of the Magna Carta, said our noble you can't just kill you to kill we'll kill you. And then signed, Magna Carta became famous, people are assumed guilty until you prove he was guilty, it became a national criminal adjudication of any standard, a person is innocent unless the evidence to find that he is guilty. .
This is our understanding of the law in common sense, but with the Securities and exchange law through the efforts of the three man, not the same, is the assumption of guilt. You just have to be listed then you are guilty of prolixity, what is guilty, unless you prove your innocence. Otherwise it is a crime, what does this mean?, what is the meaning of this word, how can you prove that the innocent, I tell you this is difficult to prove.
I will speak against the examples to prove what you say you went to the movies last week, I told myself and my mother to watch the movie or I have a movie ticket stub, or tell you the movie plot This is proof. But what it called the defense evidence, what is proved innocent, that is, you do not see that movie last week. How do you permit, you think about how you prove that last week did not see the film. I can not prove too difficult, and you tell people when they are urinating, said a witness watch you urinate.Some people look at your sleep is sleeping, the witness could not be found, so the exonerated is very difficult, or even can be proved. This is evidenced not so let you prove that the SEC in Roosevelt's full leadership, he became a national supreme power operation of the organs of law enforcement agencies, you know sec enforcement rights who gave is not a United States federal law is the Constitution of the United States would pay him the right to investigate, he can be summonsed, he can upload trick anyone and anything, in the United States he is infinite no national boundaries. He on your De Diaocha yes Shou U.S. Xianfa the protection of, if you do raising objections Hua Fa Guansuo objections will be rejected, his right big the situation Wuxian is identified under the burden of proof why the square, you are just Jinru Gupiaoshichang assumed guilty. For example we are not allowed to call the bill the Commission insider trading, insider trading will ask you how, I'll tell you no one know how to define, how does no one know how to grasp grasp, I know how to grasp.In the United States can catch insider, suppose three o'clock this afternoon announced the good news of stock price, then at three o'clock before all the rising stock is insider trading, there are hundreds of pieces, how do you catch it, then grab one. Catch this one on the United States Government use government power to you, your family so far.
Why, from a deterrent effect for others dare not repeat, then get you, how can you of reply, I tell you that hard to shape. Because a thing should happen in Hong Kong cents, Manley million hotel rooms sold, then in December 31, 1997 number, then have a last name very few of the people he went to the United States, on the next day to announce this information before One morning bought more than 100 million shares of stock, so the afternoon ah a good news announcement that he shares rose more than 10 million U.S. dollars earned, he was tickled to death. The next day the United States, police would knock on his door and confiscated his passport in June on the court, why, one day caught insider trading。 He'll find a lawyer, he said that lawyers actually I wasn't intentional nor any insider, just the other day, my wife and I have no quarrel with me a happy mood without snow, I'd bought, hahaha who wants to hit the good news is no way that he seemed to say that Yes, he really didn't quarrels to the wife, because my wife didn't do in the United States, the second checked the weather did not snow.
So he feeling OK, they just live in the 10 000 mg hotel, so buy a million shares cents hotel is very understandable. His lawyer told him a word, this you can play in Asia, Hong Kong, in the United States can not, you prove to the SEC to buy the stock you do not know the next afternoon when you have a good news, how to prove, they can not prove, that does not come out, you are guilty.Then think about it, from January to June, six cannot exit clearance in the United States, hey it can't do business, so he admitted guilt, he put the money earned outside all gave listed companies also had a $ 20 fine expelled forever, this is insider trading in the end, but you know why the US Government is so severe that it is this criticism of China's stock market chaos, we are always very naive believe the u.s. stock market we can have. Do you not know the U.S. is the common law we are not, as long as we have stock we can hardly do a good job, you also know what the Commission launched QFI is the idea that the United States hopes to introduce institutional investors to play the stock market right , Why do I want to introduce the United States of institutional investors who 呢, because the United States of institutional investors are making long term investments in the United States and have done Ji Chu, therefore, we hope that they do not come to the Yi Hou Yi Yang Xiang our Bende Makers insider manipulation Gu Jia Jiao Yi, we also hope that the U.S. institutional investors to do long-term investment. .
Will the idea of man is absolute ignorance, this reminds me of a story, in the Qing dynasty, there is a Governor of Guangdong and Guangxi Yeh Ming Chen story you know this is the Foreign Minister, he was Halo Yung, 150 look after we look at this stupid and think he's good for 150 years, our children and grandchildren to see we will think of us as stupid, why? He read the British warships with France fought at sea is very prospective he think there is a wizard, and then in the River on some dog blood bloody jars of Lumumba's results the British came also useless last sent him to India has to die of starvation.
Moderator:. .
Thank you Forum as a guest "era" and "era Forum" is hosted by the University students in the school-oriented integrated Forum, this lecture is the Forum since its inception in the age of 59. In the past two and a half years, the Forum of the podium, there have been many political and business elite, global top 500 enterprises CEO, in all areas of people talked about with our ideals, Tsinghua University students planning life; here, scholars and masters join us back in search of truth.
Tsinghua University is now the most intense examination week, the largest classroom in the Tsinghua University, there are so many students stood or sat on the steps behind, you can see the speakers today, the charm and appeal. We put this event as a special tribute to the times Forum of the year-end. Our idea is to go to such a heavyweight by the students welcomed guests to the scene today, a speech that students of the times on the Forum to support the best return. Welcome to the Forum at the scene you teachers and students, thank you! . .
A summer night in 1980, army captain speaks with basketball from Kinmen swim to the continent, which let sodiers comrades graveled: what ideal to let him take such risks? 20 years later, there's this: we want to do great things to the motherland! this man has finally come to the Mainland.
He is a world-class financial experts, he has extraordinary courage, he has the most extensive public support, he caught the most attention in the controversy, he was "bombarded Delong, three knock TCL, Haier Four Questions, 7 knock Greencool "Drilon and the two mighty Greencool business empire collapsed. He also led the most watched in 2004 a large state-owned enterprises to discuss. Also he was born in Taiwan Taoyuan farmers, 100 of junior high school math test was a mere 7 points, junior high school almost did not graduate; However, military service, he was miraculously volunteer work in two and a half in Glenealy Wharton Master of Business School of Finance and a doctorate. .
He is Professor of lang. I want the students to fully enjoy the TV has a lang elegance, must see lang himself. Here we put the on-screen lang please go to the podium, we warmly welcome the lang Professor!.
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Moderator:.
Professor Lang, Hello. Many of our students is the first time Tsinghua see you. First of all, I hope you can describe with a few phrases are to your reckoning Tsinghua University, Tsinghua University, or people like? Share with us about. .
Lang:.
So I've been asked this question too sentimental. Because we are from middle school to high school, read history you will read a "Boxer Indemnity", and Tsinghua University, on the "Tsinghua" word, is the young man studying in Taiwan, we first recognized university. High school, I was determined to study engineering, to test Taiwan's "Tsinghua University." But unfortunately, the high about to, mathematics does not pass, do not pass the physical. Teacher says Lang Yeah, I see you are still studying liberal arts forget, always missed. Then, "Tsinghua University", was what impressed me then? Is "the pursuit of excellence" sentiment.That's when I realize this truth, "the pursuit of excellence" is in my mind, but his Tsinghua University itself or from the "Excellence". At that time, I do not, therefore, not in Tsinghua University. The "pursuit of excellence" was also me pursue goal, at the same time, gave students?.
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Moderator:.
To Tsinghua University, as well as a deep source with the teacher, Professor Lang - Department of Tsinghua University Professor Qin Hui of history. Professor Qin Hui of the time in the early 90s, had also made a number of ideas on the reform of state-owned enterprises, can be said you are a "hero minds think alike." Tsinghua times then such a platform on the Forum, if you think what you want to Qin teacher said? . .
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Lang:. .
I believe that this sentence is not only the teacher said to Qin, but also to Cui Yuan distinguished Professor, Professor, and so on. This event, reflect a sense of what? see things of Tsinghua University, than I did better than I. This is what the performance, this is the "pursuit of excellence", this is the spirit of Tsinghua University.
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Moderator:.
Some students asked me to ask one last question. Many students preparing to study abroad, so they want to test into English, but in English we review very depressed, to test GRE and TOFEL. However, many students know that you apply for that year, when U.S. schools, GRE and TOFEL two results together, it seems less than 2400. Do not know how you comment on this child for? . .
Lang:.
I did not want to study abroad, military service, had Xiao Rizi down on the thought that the wife and kids go to bed, get out of bed socks and shoes the day, this one's remaining years of preparation. I was the professor said: "Lang, a level not do Yeah you. You do not go abroad, you went to the bank to find a thing dry forget." So I looked for more than 10 banks, but no one should me. Resignation, there is only applied to go abroad to study. Unfortunately, GRE exam, 1640, TOFEL after two efforts to test the 550. I applied for seven schools, six do not want me, only one to me, that is Wharton. .
Moderator:.
Front, very grateful to Professor Lang to us to share some lighter. We took the following time, leaving Lang, Professor, please, Professor Lang to open the altar for our preaching. .
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Lang Speech:. .
Thank you! "from last year until today, I've got a question:" what is called the reform and opening up? ", I've been thinking about this issue, I would also like to find an appropriate occasion to state my opinion. Today, I thank the Tsinghua students invited me. Students invited to me personally, is of great significance. Because the country's future needs is you. I'm going to talk about today, a new thinking on this occasion - in the end China's reform and opening up what's the problem? What is a reform of the new thinking? The presence of so many students, braved the danger of cold, came to listen to my speech, I would like to live each and every student, when the second witness of history. Today I am as a scholar to talk about reform and opening up my mind what should be a kind of thinking, right? . .
The students if the comparison is concerned about my statements, it should be from a recent online on my criticism. There are a lot of people say I'm "reform" that I overlooked by Mr. Deng Xiaoping's "being rich", like this kind of criticism has been bearable. Because this kind of criticism I have is common. Today in a "pursuit of excellence", a world class institution, in such a situation, I want to tell you that what is called the correct change. I selected a topic — "the spirit of capitalism," Socialist reform.
I want to urge students to think about, do you think our 25 years of reform and opening up is a success? We look back at 25 years ago, Deng Xiaoping said a word: "let some people get rich." Members noted that there is no, then say it, when people are consistent with national support. At that time in the socialist environment, could have shouted: "Let some people get rich."But that being rich what conditions? I think in Tsinghua University, the terms of the definition clearly, I do not want this fundamental question above, academia, or business and then there is no dispute, as well as any suspicion. It is, you can let some people get rich first, but others cannot become poorer, and this is the principle.
Today, I want to take one that you have read in textbooks, called "micro economics" to talk about Deng Xiaoping's concept. Fellow students back then, turn the book's final chapter of "welfare economics", which was about a theory - "Pareto improvement." "Pareto improvement", that is, some people can increase wealth, but wealth can not reduction of other people. Deng Xiaoping in a socialist country, proposed to let some people get rich. However, your attention please, this is a socialist country, other people can not become more poverty is a prerequisite.However, a capitalism--the microeconomics of the idea of thinking, and Socialist thinking is exactly the same. "Pareto improvement", one of the basic principles of the fair must be in the forefront. What is the fair is one of the initial conditions of equality. Also is to give you the same opportunities, you are not able to deprive his chance and, of course, is a starting point of the fair, that is not to deprive him of a fair opportunity to allow some people rich. So whether in socialist or capitalist is a modern point of view, equity is a starting point in a fair on to talk about efficiency, "fair production efficiency" is an incontrovertible fact that can not be discussed, it is referred to Deng Xiaoping out, but also of the socialist philosophy, but also the spirit of modern capitalism. .
You are the most high school students, do you have wondered why listen to me now, you should discover modern capitalism and socialism have such a class. In our mind, the so-called "capitalism" of the visional noun should be known as freedom, democracy, Parliament, constitutional, the private economy and so on. How to become a "welfare economics" inside the pursuit of fairness, the fair is only effective on top?: so I clearly say that this is the result of the impact more than 100 years. So I, in this occasion, and you talk about: What is Marxism? What is capitalism? OK? . .
I take you back to 1720 years of European history on a story. 1720 years, Britain, France and other countries at the third European financial crisis has developed a "bubble Act. The so-called third financial crisis, is a series of three times in the stock market crash. You can look up the Internet, including France's "Mississippi bubble", as well as UK's "South Sea bubble." We, in 1720 years before what had happened? from the 16th century to the 18th century or two hundred years, is the so-called "mercantilism" era. The then European governments to plunder a lot of gold and silver, so set up the first state-owned enterprises around the world - East India Company (the company who brought us the endless Chinese nightmare). East India Company is a state-owned enterprises, is the leading gunboat, for profit company. At that time European governments, in order to plunder colonies and kept the war, the people have been beaten. Forced to issue war bonds only, which is the world's first bond. But the problem came out, the war was still Qiana maturity. If you do not play how do? That only the "IOU" was.Students can you tell me an English word — these are not the subsection "LUCF" stack into a pile of stock on the English say, is that students "stock". In other words, the use of State-owned enterprises and plunder wealth, but also has no debt is called "stock". The Government controls a lot also lack of bonds, or call the "final" to LUCF or also, well, what is it? was several wise man said, "you also have to engage in" LUCF a "market" to cheat. Market called the market, so they engage in a stock market - "IOUs market" (we translated as "stock market"). If you want to market Laipian Gao Ge, we can not Gaoge dirty dirty and chaotic markets, does not look good Well. How do you want to cheat it, it wants to grandeur - marble floors, marble pillars, the most magnificent, as the same as today's Shanghai and Shenzhen. King then said, Well, this I can do, no problem. But how do I buy white bars then lie? Wise man said, "note" Do not sell now, because it is worthless.Then the King said: How can I create LUCF value? wise will be blunt, the value of the article is created, you can just tell them the value of the "LUCF" is dependent on future cash flows. The King said, the future cash flows using what do guarantee? "a wise man said," the future of the East India Company to plunder treasure to be guaranteed. So you read today, you find that the financial management of stock value depends on the future cash flows, the concept is the. Then, the government advised people to buy "note" because it represents the future wealth that the East India Company from Asia to Africa, to South America, looted treasure, and this is the "note" guarantees of future cash flows . The Government will sell the first batch of IOUs fool. Then for the same reason the first fool to sell the second batch of fools, and then sold to third fool. The end of "IOUs" price speculation were extremely high. But such a small and immature market sustenance is the unpredictability of future cash flows. It has happened three times of financial crisis. What I just said, "Mississippi bubble" and "South Sea Bubble"。.
By this time, European governments came to understand the stock market collusion, insider trading, price manipulation, as well as the nature of borrowing stocks. We see today in China's stock market illegal things have happened at the time, but we do not understand this history. Europe three times the financial crisis, European governments in 1720 launched a "bubble bill." The British government banned the Corporation over a hundred years. The French government banned the term bank reached 150 years. .
"Mercantilism" went to the stage, go to the end of 1776, a great Economist-Adam. Smith wrote a great monumental germinal ". The germinal "resolutely oppose state-owned enterprises, calls for market-oriented and privatization, advocated the invisible hand to adjust the market supply and demand, without the need for government intervention. This is not what we call the slogan of reform and opening up the same? we shout slogans we do today, including stock, almost all of them can be found in the past in European history. We just don't learn, this is our biggest tragedy. Today we are marching in the footsteps of history, constantly repeating the tragedies of the past. .
The germinal "State-owned enterprises, has proposed a new idea at the time of the so-called, that is, the Government and the separation of the State-owned enterprises, the Government completely exit the business. A very fashionable idea-privatization and liberalization — out. Adam Smith raised. rule-based, free as the means, the pursuit of wealth. But all this must be in the privatization and liberalization of the finish. Please keep in mind that it is in 1776. From 1776 to 1867 90 years is the most difficult time in Europe, this period is called the industrial revolution. The industrial revolution, the catastrophe of Europe is. In a free economy, private and marketization under the concept - similar to today, China's "big bullying the small, strong bullying the weak" The phenomenon, such as capitalists, wage deduction, child labor, pollution and so on. .
In 1867, a great Economist Karl Marx in the germinal 90 years after the publication of a monumental trails. This book is the history of the world today to play the role of what we imagine. At the time of European society, was a serious riots, social unrest. The reason for this is the social wealth since the free market economy and private economy too quickly, causing large bullying weak inequalities. In social inequities in the distribution of wealth, the original capitalism was a challenge. Marx used historical perspective, disclosure of the detail in the theory of a people anxious, and that is that the labor surplus value. When he wrote this book is based on earlier than his point of view written by economist David Ricardo. Ricardo, that this economy is the wealth created by the labor force. Today we still adhere to this thinking of economics.The most original and productive work, labor, capital, capital has been working to follow up activities (the theory in 1966 by Nobel Laureate Sam Nielsen (Samulson) Quarterly Journal of Economics papers published by confirmed). Marx believed that if the social wealth is created by the Ministry of labour, then why do rich capitalists? apparently capitalists exploitation of workers has residual value. He presented a considerable length concept is to a large historical perspective, the Industrial Revolution ended the feudal dynasty, the Industrial Revolution is a pursuit of fair and communism. At that time the so-called "communist", purpose is the pursuit of fairness. Marx does not ignore efficiency, but that efficiency is driven by external factors, such as the invention of the steam engine to improve efficiency. But the "capital" the pursuit of equity affect the United States and Europe after decades of rule of law system changes.In this book are painted, deeply touched her heart, because European capitalism to 1867, almost reaches the end, the community cannot tolerate injustice. At that time, a pursuit of absolute self concept, Paris, London and other cities to become dirty, stinks. Everyone to obey, garbage go down the street, because I so long as their own good, no matter how others live or die. It is not often we hear it? - "Well what is your will?" Our state-owned enterprise reform, it is this thinking is not it? However, if everyone only take into account their own good, and the garbage is not thrown into the street, with the result that the whole of Paris, London, Vienna and other cities stench. At that time whether economy or social environment are at the brink of collapse. Therefore, the "capital" to the conclusion that capitalism must be destroyed. I can tell you that the eyes of primitive capitalism, Marxism has indeed perished. .
But subsequent capitalism on the trails of socialism under the impact of gradual. In the United Kingdom, for example, King Henry II's Royal Court was edited the last case, the formation of the Department of the General Law on today's base (also called the law of the sea ", or" common law "). Concern is due to the impact of Marxism, the British High Court began to study the Equality Act (domestic translation into equity). The common law and the Equality Act two bills in 1873 and 1875 in England judicial act merged into today's common law. Pursuit of the common law is to the concept of a society of equality, to the bill. What does the concept of social equality? For example, in the U.S. and British courts to decide cases in the real decision is not made in China such as our judges, but jury. This thinking is difficult to understand, because we comply with China is "elitism" concept. The so-called "elitism" is when you are young, parents urge you to study every day, or how it managed to get on the Tsinghua University. The test you had a 97 points, is not good to take good efforts, I have to test out of. Well read the book, now in order to become the elite of society.We are a group of people, including myself, are under the "elitism". I was a child, parents forced me to school, my intelligence is not very high, very hard for me to read it. I wanted to wait for me in the future when my father, do not force me to children. Results after I became a father, not only forced to my son, to force him to learn the violin, the piano. This is the "elitism" at work. In the "elitism" system, it is difficult to understand, nor experience the common law concept of equality.
I want to ask the students a word, assuming you're going to court today, a lawsuit, someone tells you that this judge is the Harvard University PhD, you immediately at ease. If someone tells you, "the judge is a farmer," you worry about dead, "gone, gone, this case do not hit." We are all thought, because we are "elitist" of people under the train. But the British judicial bill emphasized that "non-elitist." The entire community standards of fairness, not determined by the social elite, but by ordinary people determined. That is the composition of the jury by the public.For example, if there is a professor at the Wharton School of business, may be regarded as neuropathy, or paranoid, but excluded from the jury. Because I am such a person, it is the special presumption could not decide on the common inside. You know why?: because I always have a preconceived ideas, PhD, is the aim to let you know how to stick to their prejudice called Dr.
But the judgments on to die, the common law can not allow you to decide cases in a biased, so the other lawyers would ask the jury members, "you have not read the newspapers recently about the case ah?" You only have to say about reading the newspaper over case, you could have been eliminated, because you is not objective and therefore not qualified to be jury members. If this is what Dr? May have to be eliminated. Jury to find those who do not read newspapers, do not read every day Hunhunee, the best mahjong.You know why? this is great to create a common, because like all playing mahjong, his head to his values, from small to large community to his feed, including television, radio, neighbours, friends, teachers, students are imbued with his ideas. This simple idea is that the entire social value judgements of the concentration, therefore he will decide. As you know? only in common law countries, in order to have good stock market, if not in the common law system, it is not a good stock market. Europe is a civil law countries, almost no country in the stock market is good. For example, cases of this company, this is a clear case of fraud, sentenced in our courts in China is difficult, because the crime usually walk in the articles before, and our Chinese is also a civil law countries, must be sentenced according to law case, no articles in the former, the sentence can not be the case, this is the civil law's shortcomings. But the common law is not the case, the jury does not need to understand the law, do not need to view article. They will think so, if my son's report card fraud, I hammer him to death.If my son transcripts cannot be false, then why can't companies report card fraud? so guilty. He didn't need legal knowledge or learning. He provided him with a simple, ordinary concept, will be able to distinguish whether you are guilty. Such a sentence, the whole society people are cognitive value standard, as a social justice standards. This creation is very great. What is the social justice? that is, people think it is fair, that is only fair. This fair, depending on the whole of society all people a fair recognition. The jury is represented by the general population values, which is fair. Members please note that this is the completion of his Marx "Capital" eight years after the formation of the concept of equality. .
In addition to the use of legal pursuit of a new form of equality, subsequent laws still under shock of Marxism. Marxism clearly pointed out that the capitalist contradiction between with workers — capitalism to development must be exploited labour surplus value, so trails a basic premise is that between workers and capitalists are opposite. I ask you to recall us 1890 the antitrust law. The antitrust law, Anti-Trust is English. Anti is a "reverse" mean, what to Trust?, Tsinghua students level was high. It is the Trust Fund. "Antitrust law" to the last is the anti-trust funds. You will not find it very strange? When you carefully look back at history, you will find how interesting history - because the U.S. is actually a large family, many holders of the Trust Fund. Therefore, Anti-Trust, "Antitrust Law" is in fact anti-trust fund, which is anti-large family law. Represent a large family, not just vested interests, but a capitalist concept. So, not only in the legal aspects of European and American countries, such as the common law, to seek a fair and Marx sought.At the same time developing law, resolve the capitalists and conflicts among workers. The solution is to start from the capitalists instead of solving, say, from the workers began to dissolve the thinking too important. Starting from 1844 to 1867, Marx and Engels raises the vested interests of capitalists will use some of the false perceptions to poison the workers, such as the promotion of Christian spirit, accepts God's requirements of Labour led to accept what God gave to all, including the social inequities, and so on. So Marx, social progress would impede the social progress to break, including the Christian thought, and this is the origin of Marxist materialism. In order to avoid the impact of Marxism, so employers and employees to resolve the conflict started from the capitalists, instead of by the workers began to dissolve, all are affected by the impact of Marx have such a major change in thinking. .
I'll give you an example, Microsoft's Bill Gates ... He was a student of the great figures in mind — in a few years ago to put all the wealth donate up to Bill Gates Foundation.. ". Because he thinks he is today's achievements in addition to the individual's abilities, the whole community who have a greater contribution, so he was social, but also to society. This is not a simple personal phenomenon, this is the antitrust law has continued in a new form of capitalism to maintain the spirit of fairness. We are finding that the United States Government of surprisingly large family. But it's definitely not used to solve the so-called militant fight, but to a large family comfortable old millennium, the U.S. economy out of the stage. .
You would also like to note one thing, the United States is not the same as with the United Kingdom. United States immigration are willing to talk to past cultures, peoples, the relatives, friends of the severed relationship between extreme individualism. This individualism brought us impact is enormous. These people, once they become capitalists to society is the turbulence and uncertainty. I say to us from the 1929 stock market crash was confirmed. "The United States Securities and Exchange Law" and the second chapter describes the 1720 "bubble bill" in the same phenomenon, that is, collusion, price manipulation, insider trading, the stock price speculation Lao Gao, which led to the 1929 U.S. stock market collapse. The total market capitalization of 890 billion dollars by the then fell to 150 billion dollars, can be said of the end for U.S. imperialism.But please note that the continuation of the Antitrust Act, the u.s. Government at this stage is the result of the impact of Marxism, deep understanding of the word — "a country to ensure that there must be people-oriented", and more specifically to create wealth for the people to resolve labour conflicts. But the result of the dividend, the United States today.
I then the U.S. stock market, for example, explain how the stock market wealth redistribution function, to resolve labor conflicts of leaving the effect. United States and Canada are the same common law countries, but among listed companies in Canada for more than 89% are family controlled. U.S.? It turned out the majority of the public shareholding companies, not family controlled. In addition to the world outside the United States, United Kingdom, are family controlled. Why the United States is the public ownership? This is the result of socialized capitalism.It was a tremendous engineering, from 1890 to 1934 of the past 40 years can be said that the entire United States ruled by the age of completion. The entire project, goals, as well as the effects of the shock that moved.
How to create a wealth re-distribution of the stock market? First, the U.S. government abandoned the strategy of 1720 (when Britain and France the government do anything, just closed joint-stock companies and banks), and adopted a completely resolve the contradiction between capitalists and workers, to avoid the Marxist prophecy of the great national policy. In addition to the U.S. government "anti-trust laws," restrict large family, the further is to let the public become more affluent to resolve conflicts.How the public become more abundant? that is, from 1932 to begin a series of strict supervision of penal law, to play the stock market wealth redistribution. Then raised the stock market right thinking, the so-called stock market is the whole of society fund raising funds to the most capable professional managers. The community how do you know he's capable of? on correct information must be disclosed, at this time, the role of the Government. Government must ensure that professional managers disclosed information is true, and must ensure that the people have a sense of responsibility, that fiduciary duty. Means that once you become a professional manager, you have the responsibility to make a good job, you are asked to create shareholder wealth. This is the fiduciary responsibility under the U.S. draconian laws, but can not be challenged. Professional managers of listed companies dare not have fiduciary responsibilities. If the professional managers to disclose false information, the U.S. Government will take the public (or small shareholders) in the interests of professional managers and the court, hitting their families broken up.I wasn't kidding, you take a look at Enron event understanding, the last of the Enron collapse, the top five accounting firm Arthur Andersen Business went bankrupt, the partner himself ….
Large family in the United States Government, under the operation in order to sell stocks have high price-earnings ratio (and wealthy) out of the operation of listed companies, listed companies in the United States into a public shareholding company. U.S. government regulation of draconian laws by the Commission to ensure that professional managers have a fiduciary duty to ensure that the information he disclosed was true, if false, punish them. This is why WorldCom will be a small thing as being punished. WorldCom committed the crime, that is, change some accounting courses, originally subject to investment costs, put out by depreciation expenses.This kind of thing, in our country, is a piece of cake, nobody cares about. In the United States cannot be allowed because you have violated the principle of one of the most important — information disclosure. The small things, the responsible person is arrested. America TV news every night will repeat play a lens: judicial officers in charge of the stone hand handcuff handcuffed from behind, for several weeks before the public "triumph." The US Government wants all Americans, from infancy to old man, clearly see that this is in breach of fiduciary duty. Let every American child knows that you will grow up, do you have to do is have a fiduciary duty to shareholders, if not, paraded through the streets is your fate, in this sense too great a! Is because the U.S. administration's "people-oriented" strategy, making the U.S. investors, or even the general public on the central government has strong confidence in the United States.They know that their interests were challenges, the United States Government doing to stand out, the use of penalties, the protection of vulnerable groups, protection of small and medium-sized investors to protect national people, because this system is not to be challenged, you just have to do this, Marx predicted will become a reality. This is the greatness of Marxism.
The United States every people, through insurance, pension, his life in wealth on the stock market. As the U.S. population continues to expand, so the U.S. stock market investment capital is constantly increasing, long-term stock price always go up. We have a lot of ridiculous language, that "the stock market is risky," I tell you, it is wrong, the stock market only a short-term risks, there should be no long-term risks. As reflected in the stock market is the country's economic strength Now that the stock market.You think about it, when the family began to exit after the stock market listed company, if the US is one of the market, becoming a public shareholding company, then what is the significance of this symbolizes the symbolizes a Socialist! you amused? because you do not understand the intention of the stock market. America's great companies are listing, they'll be real disclosure, the delisting, doing good will remain in the stock market, continuing to create wealth for our shareholders. He is in the United States, under the penalties had to have the fiduciary responsibility. Shareholders can have on the stock market return. How to get in return? If a listed company making a dollar, it can be price-earnings ratio to enlarge the wealth. U.S. price-earnings ratio is generally 30 times, that is, any one of the listed company, if a dollar of profit, then the shareholders can get 30 dollars in return.In other words, the u.s. economy was a profit, then the 30 bucks for return to the country's people. Accordingly, the United States equity market around from 1930 to 1980 in 50 years, it returns is recorded together with the bank rate, that is, if the Bank's interest rate is 3%, the rate of return for a year is by plus three, equal to 10%. And in 1940 to 1990 50 years that the US stock market each year by increase in the rate of return of 6, plus the bank interest rate. As long as every citizen of the United States to their pension, insurance funds into the U.S. stock market, then 35 years after retirement, the old end, a sense of security. So the terrorists can not destroy the United States, the collapse of the stock market is a major blow to the United States. U.S. stock market bear the redistribution of wealth in American society a great feature. .
We can imagine that if u.s. companies are all public shareholding company, assuming he's managers are fiduciary responsibilities of the Manager, when the Manager of the company, he worked for his own small and medium-sized investors contribute their own life, he took him deserve good salary and pension, while the US shareholders through him earn a dollar, 30 x magnification and u.s. economic growth harvests, this is the real wealth with the people.
To ensure that the U.S. government's policy of leaving can be implemented, in order to ensure capital and labor are no longer strained relations between the to the Constitution rather than the general federal law enforcement powers given to the SFC. According to law, the United States Securities and Futures Commission in order to protect small investors, in order to protect the stock market, he can issue a summons, it can investigate any matter and any of its enforcement powers are unlimited. Any of its challenges will be largely rejected by federal courts. You know why? That is because the U.S. stock market bear a function of socialism - redistribution of wealth.The United States Constitution, the American people gave the SEC penalties enforcement capabilities. You see how ambitious plan!, which is why the American citizens are willing to own a savings are in the u.s. stock market, because they know that only through the US stock markets to their wealth of continuous growth, in order to enable them to twilight, a sense of security.
In 1932, Berle and Minsi (Berle and Means) two professors co-wrote a book, write the equity structure of the United States. They made a very significant conclusion that when the U.S. public listed companies are basically holding company, but continue to have a conflict! They found that the real source of conflict shareholders and professional managers. This book is the capital and labor into the tension between the shareholders and the relationship between professional managers. They were transferred to the contradiction. This shift is important, this is "corporate governance" the beginning of this great subject.The capitalists and labour tensions by antitrust law and wealth redistribution to obtain a mitigation and elimination, shareholders and professional managers in the tension between the adoption of a series of measures to "corporate governance", in the end it relieves. This makes the tension into harmony and cost into wealth.
I'll ask someone to note that You a phenomenon in our Guanzhu, it is the U.S. government in 1950 Touguo ways to promote the new liberal school (Yi Wang economists including Adam Smith and Ricardo are known as classical liberalism, such as Ren school) . And this school two of the greatest economists were given the Nobel Prize in economics. One is called Freeman (Friedman), another called Hayek (Hayek), both of whom are University of Chicago professor.They came up with a great idea, is the only free competition in the economy is the best, the Socialist planned economy countries through the wealth redistribution system they oppose. This lets us go back to the germinal Adam. age of Adam Smith!.. Smith not of thinking? but please note that in the 1950s and Adam Smith of the times. .. is not the same. The u.s. Government from 1890 onwards, has been going on for legalization, free economy has full legal constraints, you don't dare to bullying, you don't dare to bullying. These laws not only regulate their own behavior, but also in the acts of the government. Therefore, every individual of society, including the government's actions are a rule of law under the rules of the game. You must have a rules of the game, so as to give full play to your creativity and create your own wealth. This time, your wealth will not like the Marxist era, will not plunder the wealth of others, plundering of labor should come. Because you have rule of law in the social order.Go here to an typical of modern capitalism, typical for this time period, I invite you to look at, this is already a Socialist of capitalism, but also from Marxism. We have many reformist scholar does not have a look at this piece of history that blinded by the introduction of the new Liberal School of thought, because China is not the same as in the United States, so the legalization will repeat the germinal after class is as big as Europe eat xiaoqiang bully..
We jumped off the United States and Britain, you look at Europe, Europe has not capitalism, and Europe has been towards a democratic socialism. Today, students may question the system be? A focus on equity, a basic principle of fairness regime (including the United States and Europe) is efficient it? I told you all that, I do not want to talk about it is not efficient, but at least one thing is certain: if you give up equity, then Marx's prophecy will become true.This is not my personal understanding, this is the West so much great economists and great Government policy makers. This epoch-making significance of Marxism, we understand how much this Marxism of capitalism, we understand it? today you opened representative works in the spirit of capitalism, such as: microeconomics, will find that a prerequisite for efficiency improvement (Pareto improvement) turned out to be an equitable basis. What is the fair as the part can be rich, but other people won't be able to more poverty.
Is not that socialized capitalism? This thinking is not exactly 25 years ago, Deng Xiaoping put forward by it? But everyone please note that only about half of Deng Xiaoping, that allows some people get rich, he remarks of the Changhe yes In socialist countries, this socialist state Gong Ping Xing is to allow anyone to challenge the law. Therefore, everyone can become more impoverished circumstances, Deng Xiaoping put forward that we can make some people get rich, the result of the national people's unanimous support. He found this idea not only Marxism, but also consistent with the spirit of modern capitalism.This great thinking, should dominate China's reform and opening up, but subsequent reform has deviated from the Deng Xiaoping thought.
Of course, I must be an economist, said after the Cultural Revolution some recognition. Sure it? Was indeed inefficient state-owned enterprises, the state's burden is indeed important, for your parents generation, can be quite happy to eat a bowl of dumplings, buy a box of matches, more than half can be a very happy planning. Was the result of our reform and opening up is to improve our livelihood, our necessities of life become abundant than before it! These economists are contributing, and was satisfied with the country's people are still such an open form.But twenty-five years down the line, we go to? I have here a target. I think you all know that economics has a Gini coefficient! Gini coefficient is a measure of income distribution, the international standard is 0. .4. Generally exceed 0. .4 is the crisis, but we are 0. .5, visible to the current crisis. From the reform and opening up at close to zero, to 0. .5. What do you think of our reform and opening of the historical development of law? What do you think of our reform and opening of the Deng Xiaoping's idea? Did you think of our reform and opening of the modern Marxist and modern capitalism? You will find that we have departed from it all. I absolutely can not accept that some people get rich and lead others to shoulder the costs by the hypocrisy of reform. I am here again to elaborate on my point of view, and to our country in the 20 years of reform and opening up a one listed, make a comment. .
The first is the reform of State-owned enterprises. We recall a word I say today — America's professional managers of fiduciary responsibility is one of the spirit of capitalism. And our State-owned enterprise reform is reflected this? it is some Western capitalism comes on the surface of the mixing in your own ideas for reform in the wild. For example, I would like to ask what is the State-owned enterprise reform? I now finally understand that's my House today is very dirty, a nanny to clean up, clean up after the? home become nannies – this is the reform of State-owned enterprises. We found the China State-owned enterprises of professional managers, there is no fiduciary responsibility. What is he doing good reasons? Because the system is not good, what is the structure wrong with that? Is that it is the fault of state and the nation, done well? Put state-owned assets in the existing. Even, we let him to plunder state assets, but also to make some absurd theories, such as Popsicle Theory - state-owned enterprises is a bad system, just like popsicles as will slowly melt, let it all melt with light, not as it dissolves All of them are not sent before the fiduciary duty of professional managers forget. .
All my classmates, I dare not even imagine that we as a community with a minimum of one non-judging criteria, State-owned enterprises to the veterans may so irresponsible. Have you thought of the President are doing is not good, but you can set the State-owned enterprises, and those who do good state veterans? they are tough to do good! this society why even the most rudimentary judgement has not? I have received thousands of complaints, there are eight characters feel — "shocking, moaning." I for example, a State-owned enterprises, operating efficiency, and therefore is not a simple privatization. The boss bought a state-owned private enterprises, the low price buy out employees length of service, the laid-off workers all at once to the society, who should bear the consequences? Loss of state-owned enterprises by the government and the burden of our community, they took the state-owned assets, to earn all the profits; there are even more excessive, the state-owned assets, all leveled, local high-rise building, earn it? All belong to themselves, that's what I said, the interest attributable to its own reform, reform of the social costs borne by the phenomenon of the whole society. Even my students, and once to the county of Sichuan Province, talk about a number of joint ventures.Local State Chief and he said: "I tell you, we put these net assets through some accounting manipulation down value, you just pretend that 20% of the money, I'll give you the business, and Yes, we have five thousand acres in the hills behind the land, the Communist Party, I'm all for you, you give me some money?" this is not a "fiduciary responsibility" party cadres.
We introduce Western ideas, but we also introduced Western fiduciary responsibility to it? And even makes us feel funny, you took is not his own state-owned assets and dare to talk about property rights reform stage experience. Our society with little to no minimum criterion. Look at our workers? Hard work hard to plant 30 years, at the end you become a director of the factory, and I laid off.How can you say workers want? this country people to pay for the cost of social reform, and for a small proportion of the profits of SOE reform, but I cannot accept, you are also not acceptable because it is a serious violation of Deng Xiaoping's reform concept.
To talk about our education reform. On education reform, I always Tsinghua University as an example. I say government officials and corporate chiefs such a sentence. I said: "Ladies and gentlemen, you remember, 20 years ago, you admitted to Tsinghua University, Beijing University of that scene. You certainly remember. Your parents take you to the railway station in tears. They can not afford a hard seat ticket , you buy a hard seat for standing tickets, so you stand on the Tsinghua University in Beijing.Are you graduating, fervent, bring your parents received the big city to live, and you begin to engage in reform of the education industry, you ruined when you poor rural children a unique opportunity to get rich, because tuition increase results they couldn't afford college, how do you stand? ".
What is Education? This is the most ridiculous kind of reform. What is called the ridiculous? Do you know why you can test into Tsinghua? Because of your good grades, you are the cream of society, this is a system of supply and demand imbalance in the results orientation of the elite, that education itself is an impossible balance between supply and demand of elite orientation system. But the market is through the price mechanism, makes the supply-demand balance.How can you put marketing concepts into education? education itself is elitist orientation of the imbalance between supply and demand of the system, you put marketing concepts into sytem? to balance! to last you take higher tuition fees to enter college. Your home money also does not matter. However, we have seen on the Web: an introduction to render the story of us, and you do not have the money to the children of poor families, and will not read the book! how good you are, you cannot enter the Tsinghua University.
At present, our reforms to what extent? Market as long as the name of our signs, you can stop at no evil! So why is the U.S. university education fees so high that China can not? The United States is that we can, but China is not! Because you do not have supporting measures. Do you know that you, the fees American universities is high, that is for the rich. But when your income is below a certain level, the U.S. Government can provide low-interest or even interest-free student loans, as well as schools and scholarships offered by the U.S. government! You know? . .
These students can graduate from University four years later, through their own efforts to make it back to the United States Government. I would like to ask you, we have such a system? we do not have the Government's massive loan system to subsidize the poor if you carry out the market, the result is that many of the rural youth not because of the poor and cannot afford to go to College, but because of having no money but couldn't afford college. Auxiliary systems and measures is a prerequisite for education reform. We do not have such support measures, how dare you grant them the concept of market reform on the inside? This is another cost of reform by the whole society to the poorest people bear the ridiculous reform. .
We look at health care reform! when an emergency patients to the hospital, part of the hospital, the first sentence is not "what?" but "do you have a security deposit?" If you don't, you're in the corridor, die!.
We could not surprising, but I tell you, in a Hong Kong hospital, patients seek emergency care is free. Why do you know that Hong Kong people willing to money? Because it is human nature, at least for vulnerable groups of care. We are here to there? I would also like to tell you all that, you see the doctor what was happening to the United States. United States law, must first give you medical treatment. Disease after treatment completion to you money, if enough money can hire. This is the concern and feelings for the weak! But today we have it? Of course, I recognize the efforts of the Government in this regard is also good, for example, the 18th we reduce the cost of drugs。 But the question is not here, in a building without the rule of law in countries where, in the absence of rule of law under the game plan, you control standards, in particular the control of private hospital charges.
For example, you have only one disease, he would say you have 10 sick, you had only to open a drug, he'll give you 20 drugs. Although drug prices fell by five percent, but you take a medicine as long as the original, now eat 20 kinds of drugs. You lower it? We are 1500 hospitals nationwide, tens of thousands of treatment centers, including about 80% controlled by minority group, you know? Now a lot of media coverage, these hospitals give you a random cause, casually give you a medical, phenomenon of indiscriminate prescription. Finally you will find people that time we had no chance to even see a doctor.I would like to ask you, in the conduct of medical system reform, market, we have not thought of the world national health care reform is successful. We look back at the United States, President Clinton is an immense, he assumed the post of President of the first day, the appointment of his wife Hillary as the Chairman of the Committee on reform of American medicine, results after two years of complete failure. European countries have also been health care reform, Asian countries have also been health care reform has failed, the reason is that insurance costs are too high, the Government could not afford to pay. Another leading medical reform failed because the problem of asymmetric information. For example, Taiwan had been engaged in labor insurance, the government paid for the labor holding the policy can go to the hospital. Results to the end, patients are not sick, he took the policy to the hospital, and conspiracy to cheat the government hospital medical expenses, and then with the points. Finally because the trouble-making people too much, but had to cancel labor. .
In the United States, the high cost of insurance is not every American. In the United States, a significant number of poor is not insurance. The insurance needs of thousands of dollars a year. An overview of the United States, Europe, Asia, and almost no health care reform is successful. Given that health care reform is so difficult, health care reform issues so much, how do we dare to lightly to marketing concepts imposed on medical reform! such reform should not be, because you're too don't know the international trend. You see the market too sacred, and finally we found that many private entrepreneurs market banner signs health care reform profit big profits, but the cost to patients by the society to bear, this is another benefit too few reforms , while the reform of the public to bear the cost of mistakes by the reform. .
This is our health care reform. Our other reform? for example stock reform. This probably has little to do with you, because you will not be shareholders. Your classmates have investors may hesitate to speak?,? you'd better not stocks. Are you embarrassed to say because it is because you punters. As long as there are to reform. What is the "unit" is not clear how Qing "stock" concept. Let us look at the UK this evil imperialists do stock! UK has a lot of State-owned enterprises, in the Thatcher era were "unit". But the shares are stock reform of the principles of reform. Such reforms are, and corresponding state-owned enterprises. Share reform trilogy, the first-steps in the structure of state-owned shares under the same circumstances, hire professional managers reform. Second song, and most important step, that is, good management of state-owned enterprises "Share Reform", and poor management of state-owned enterprises can not carry the "Share Reform." Because the "stock change" itself involves the central government's endorsement of the United Kingdom. Bad company as long as the Government launched after shareholders lost money will be criticized the British Government.How dare the Central Government ordinary people say faithless, how dare in people's minds that have lost their credit image?, therefore, only the good companies "unit" hope that people can make money. And now our stock is a good bad company all the "shares" the final price to our Government to pay with credit in..
Finally, I asked the supervisory unit only three sentences, the first: you dare to guarantee that the share reform of listed companies before the acquisition of shares is not a lot? You are not guaranteed. Second, you dare to guarantee that companies can not tamper with votes, not bribe voters? You did not dare. We already know that the bribery case, has been extensive coverage in Shanghai.Third, you dare that launched the corporate shares, the company does not manufacture of false news, high cash, entrap shareholders? Finally, monitoring unit to ensure what is and is not guaranteed to be of the "unit", or even the bad companies together for a "stock" of Government credit damage, but also to the shareholder of plunder! once again at the same time, our stock reform aims to carry out full circulation. The "important" full circulation? look at America's stock markets, the US Government's purpose very clearly to the people's interests. Our share reform is to Circulation! Purpose is wrong, a "tradable" reform, is to follow with all of the investors suffer and bear the costs of reform. This share reform succeed? . .
The third step, but also makes me very sad. The so-called stock is full circulation, allow the Government to withdraw from the stock market. Take a look at the people in the United Kingdom Government, the stock of the company, the Government maintains a gold sharing. In the major decisions in matters relating to the "people's livelihood", the Central Government for stock companies have one-vote veto that is a guarantee of all the shareholders! that is expressed at any time, the UK Central Government will to shareholders to, this is the most fundamental security requirements and we should! the Government completely exit the stock market. Get our stock and the United Kingdom's "stock" compare. Which is intended for the people, which is the real socialist reform? . .
"Stock" failed even after the?? who? in today's increasingly complex economic environment, we refer to this simple and some foreign advanced concept and create a policy, need to review.
Here, I want you to talk about the issue of political reform. When we understand these historical story, and you should know that my idea of students - do not simply introduce the concept of popular abroad because it can not solve the problem. You have to deal only for the problem to solve the problem. Experts and scholars on the political system, according to the present appearances of thinking freely walking the introduction of Western, reform will fail. Do you think the democratic supervision, and public opinion can make a government more efficient, more clean it? You are wrong again.I for example, Hong Kong and Singapore Government is the world's most honest and most efficient. Hong Kong in 1997, is neither democratic oversight and supervision. 97 years ago Hong Kong media, which one would dare to criticize the Government, the Hong Kong Government Department officials immediately grab people deported. Before 1997, Hong Kong has no democratic elections. But the Government's efficiency and integrity is second to none. Singapore is the same, it is neither democratic supervision, supervision, but Singapore Government efficiency and integrity, often struggle with the Hong Kong Government than the first. We can see from this example of democracy, of course there is a need for it, but democracy can not make a government with better public opinion. Cite a counter-example, Asia has introduced a democratic system and the public opinion of countries and regions, such as the Philippines, Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Taiwan under the DPP government, which the government is not corrupt. Therefore, we found that in Asia, democracy and public opinion, can not make the government more honest, can not make the government more efficient. If China is to persist in the reform of thinking is superficial, our system will certainly like our state-owned enterprises reform, medical reform, education reform, like failure.So, I hope that today at Tsinghua University to my fellow classmates, tell me the concept of institutional reform.
Students think about the Chinese governments at all levels have a very strange phenomenon. The one hand, corruption, popular indignation, but on the other hand, government officials are busy with. Seven o'clock in the morning went to review documents, approval is also granted to the 22:00 finish. Chinese government documents, is the world's largest number of government documents. (Laughter) to the final are awarded as customary, and is not granted is not accustomed to. (Laughter) As a result of retirement, and how to do, no official document approved, and are not used, and the wife called up, you take over I approved this menu click. (Laughter, applause) awarded what "principle feasible."(Laughter) you do not feel that these two phenomena are a strange contradiction combination? if it is corrupt, so why not with corruption? if it is a busy, busy, so why not work together? and why there will be two extreme phenomena appear together?.
Today, I bring it to communicate with system and the graduates is to the students after the talk and analyze problems, not simple, casual introduction of a concept, but to address the problem to talk about the problem. Government do? The Government is to provide local public goods, including legal, environmental, land and so on. All levels of government inefficiency and corruption is due to the demand for public goods is greater than supply caused. Let me give you an example, out of stock before the era of color TV, color TV sales can sell you not to sell him, this little right to be able to let him get 10 dollars in bribes.Similarly, due to the demand for public goods is greater than supply, leading cadres to grant you, and not to grant him of corruption. At the same time, the demand for public goods is greater than the supply, so would like to do things, in order to meet such a huge demand, every day busy. In the end, government corruption, and busy, the only reason, or that the most important reason is because the supply of public goods is insufficient.
Take the grant of land, if land grant approved by the leadership of the words, demand is infinite, everyone wants to buttoned leadership, get a piece of cheap land, sold, speculation. Because of this demand is greater than supply situation, so with the approval of land-related corruption have led space. But as the demand for land is infinite, so that the land department officials to work on busy. We have to grant the land, for example, and the Hong Kong system to make a comparison, we will find a radically different. That is our land of completely transparent process.The reply of each land, development, auction, the auction procedure strictly, officials acted in accordance with the administrative procedure and, by public auction. As a result of the grant program is transparent, so the process, so there is no corruption of officials at all levels. And since the bidder, the demand for natural decrease, Hong Kong Government officials can work at five o'clock. Moreover, because the full process, or even impossible to get a lot of documents, does not need to request for leadership at every level. Because officials that the processes inside the provisions clearly. This is Hong Kong, Singapore, the reason why the government clean and efficient. The same is true the U.S. government, behind only the U.S. government has always accompanied the democratic freedom and public opinion. So we always thought that democracy, freedom and so can the government clean and efficient. But take the Asian countries, for example, will find this is not the root cause. I certainly can not deny the function of democratic supervision, and public opinion. But these two functions, to Asia to not apply. You. .
Please note that if you are thinking again, use the error "a major operation", a democratic public opinion and Government, in the end, we could go to the Philippines, Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, and not to the United States. At that time is not a criticism of the political reform failed.
Today, we too like to use a simple shallow surface phenomenon of capitalist reform, rather than seeking truth from facts go into the nature of the various reform issues, this is the biggest crisis of reform lies. Of course, there are many reforms are worthy of our criticisms and concerns, including agricultural reform, housing reform, financial reform, banking reform, their common feature is the reform of the reform by a few vested interests exclusive results of the reform costs from the burden of the whole society. These reforms will not speak today, and also about expire. Fellow students and listened very hard, though, that none of the students left their seats go to the bathroom. Thank you. .
To ask questions.
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Moderator:.
I have observed a moment, in the lecture, Professor Lang is also a half-hour long time, let the students inside the classroom, whether 坐在台阶上, or standing on the last side of the students. We are silent, you can use our ethos of Qinghua, "Actions speak louder than words" to describe. I think the students so engrossed in itself an expression of our recognition of Professor Lang. Below into the exciting aspect is that we Tsinghua students, Professor Lang's interaction with time. In order to ensure that more students can meet face to face with Professor Lang, hope each student is only a question.And you want everyone to brief and concise statements, before asking questions, students from the door, put your name, profession and grade tell lang.
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Lang: there is not a personal matter, asked some questions.
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Moderator:.
I'll tell you that what, Professor Lang said that some of the best views of the question asked, some high-level discussions. Below. .
There is a problem with your classmates of hands please?.
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Classmates:.
My name is Chen Jianbo, is a freshman in the college. I read your speech in Australia, I think you are very concerned about the safety of China's financial market, and then you say China does not master the so-called foreign exchange operations, then I think you think to become a qualified foreign personnel, that what should be education, but also the life experiences of what does work? Thank you. .
Lang:.
Finished answering this question, we can not accept the second question, you this is a very important issue. Because of the time, I avoided the financial reform in particular. But is you pull back and forced me on this issue. That I can not, on two points right. .
I simple talk about issues of concern to everyone — banking reform. I believe you should know from the Internet. You put the Citibank today to twenty years ago in China, it is still 40% of bad debts. State-owned enterprises do not want to pay you, the bad, and the banks themselves are operating. Why is Bank of New York branch do? I tell you, that's because in New York, the borrower would repay the money, but it has a very good system, you can protect the rule of law. When we run into bad banks, we think the government management units What is the solution? Is a simple listing, but not the second option. I would like to invite students, especially our students of Tsinghua Do not head to think, like on the line with the knees (laughter). If the market can solve the problem, I would like to ask students why the United States, the decline of manufacturing is also the case, they are listed Yeah, why the United States many of the listed banks in the 80's a lot of close? Because the market can not solve the problem. .
Bank bad debt problems is a systems engineering problem. Banking operation of the quality and economic qualities and legalization. In other words, it is absolutely impossible in an economic quality differentials, we all don't want to pay back the money, and the rule of law does not protect creditors, banks have separate requirements for bad debts.
But we in 2004, 2005, the bank is selling what result? Do you know why so many foreign banks competing low price of our banks? Undoubtedly, today we have the quality of China's economic rise. And Shiliu Da, we also carried to the construction of the rule of law agenda. Through the concerted efforts of all our people, five, ten, fifteen years later, the quality of our economy up, we completed the rule of law, so banks can make money. Time you find that foreign banks make money, you thought he was a high level.(Laughter) but this is our country people, the result of hard fighting the Government. In the end, all values are attributed to foreign banks, because you have them in 2005 and sold out. This is the reform of banking. (Applause) and this is a sweeping reform of foreign interests and reform the costs borne by the Chinese people's errors reform..
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Presiding Officer: the good, the next question.
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Class II:.
Lang teacher, please allow me to call your teacher Lang. (Laughs) I was a senior undergraduate Mechanical Engineering Department of Tsinghua University, my name is Ma Leilei. My question is, we have seen many articles comments said: Now this generation of Chinese people, is the belief that the loss of a generation of immoral, in your article which I also see this view. I ask you, you have a religion? What is your faith? Thank you! . .
Lang:.
I appreciate you asking me this question. I have a religion? I believe in? Can we talk about this with another point of view the problem. I talked about faith, about the cognitive point of view I might as well talk about what people in our history deserves my faith, which I learned the value of character ideas, good or bad. .
My idea of a hero worthy of my belief is that you have previously studied in high school textbooks, called linjuemin, he wrote a letter, called the book "with his wife. His wife is showing, the first sentence is "intended to" reflecting ruwu romance, I use Mandarin speaking to you. He is one of the martyrs and the huanghuagang seventy-two, he is on the battlefield of the previous day for his wife wrote a letter. He said that, in order to write you this letter, I cried for more than ten times the amount. You may want to blame me, I can go to his death on the battlefield on the battlefield. Fellow students to understand that a man should leave his most beloved woman, and the most beloved woman pregnant with his child, how difficult it is. But Lin said the people feel, I to die on the battlefield, the aim is to mood of loving the way we do continue to go on, someone must step in, and this first step is forest today, I feel the people to die. .
Finally, he said, when I die, there is a desire. If your baby is my daughter, I hope she Gau like you; if you are the son, I want him to like me, when a scholar. Linjuemin second day generous die, mangled. 69 years later, I read the Taiwan Institute of Economics, the University graduate school. One day, there is an old man to give us, the old gentleman is Professor of Economics at the University of culture – his name is called the forest flaws and vassal, his father is linjuemin. God have mercy on the revolutionaries of the last point for the nation's feelings, so he completed the last wish. Fellow students, our country is not the need for such people, I look forward to you, like me, become such a person, right? . .
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Moderator: Last question. .
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Students 3:. .
Lang, Hello, I am a biomedical doctoral students, called Weimar stars. Have your say on the issues of equity and efficiency. I am not denying your point of view. But I remember when we were in high school, and studied with some of the reform at the time, what is the "efficiency first, fairness," and remember that in a Word, but I remember when I was in College seems to read a book, the topic is called the elitism of defence ", it means, you say to this fair, specifically opportunities fair or equitable results? thank you.
Lang:. .
The students asked this thing, I lecture. We'll talk about the micro-economic law. Did you say micro economics theory from consumers and producers, which would not be the theory through the prices reached most efficient realm? when we put the producers and consumers together, becoming the last chapter "welfare economics", you'll note that the producers of the efficiency and effectiveness of consumers, there must be a prerequisite. This premise is that the whole society cannot become poorer, and this is a concept that is not to be challenged. We of course want to pursuit of efficiency. But the premise of the efficiency of the whole society to become more prosperous, not people become poorer. That is, other people can not pay for you, this is a principle. .
As to your so-called "fairness" itself is, of course, not fair?: what is your "head" of equality, which is another point of view, an initial conditions of equality. Also is to give you the same opportunities, you are not able to deprive him of a chance, say, for example, education reform, reform of State-owned enterprise reform, for example, you cannot Peel grazing opportunities of others, everyone is the same, in this case, you can reach the so-called "fair and people-oriented". Efficiency is fair basis to complete.
Comment. .
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Moderator:. .
Mr Lang Professor has stood for two hours, so forgive me lang. We first let lang podium position over there and have a short rest. Following a link, please let's Tsinghua's two teachers today lang to speak the contents of a communication. A bit is Professor Wu Dong Wu, Professor, Professor at Tsinghua University long-term "political economics", more than 30 years ' experience. Another Professor public school of management professor Cui Yuan. Cui Yuan is Professor of political science at the University of Chicago, said Professor Dr. lang said there was a very important economics in school — the "Chicago school". Professor Cui was a big Chicago Ph.D. in political science, before he joined Tsinghua University, is an associate professor at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Let us warm applause to welcome the teachers to share with you two to do a face to face communication. .
Professor NG:.
Today the scene, so I am very touched. Very grateful to Professor Lang, in our large auditorium inside the Tsinghua University, has done such a wonderful report. Professor Lang in just two hours inside, he talked about the problem is actually very rich. Very deep meaning, but the views are very clear, I think these problems are actually deserve our consideration. He referred to the question is actually yes on human and social development of a major issue, in the end this country how to get to our next step should be that he would within the world, through the experience he's Feng Fu, Tan out his some ideas .So I think these problems should cause us very deeply. President Hu Jintao on November 25, the Politburo meeting one of learning. He mentioned in his speech, we have to train a number of learning of the Marxist theorist. So I think he is actually Professor lang is not a Marxist theorist, that I am not making this evaluation, but I think it very important, it should be said that he is learning.
Because I am now to the students about "Marxist Economics", stressing "political economics", while speaking of Marx's "Das Kapital", so he should be said about this set I was more familiar. He is actually from the height of human development, to explore how we should do in the end, our reform has also made his own evaluation. Our reform in China, my personal opinion, it should be said is a great achievement, and it is withheld. But you talk about some of the reforms, I admit is there.It also demonstrates that we are in many of the issues, the need for further in-depth discussion. Well, I thank my fellow students, do you have so many students to listen to me.
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Moderator: thank you, Professor Wu, underneath, professor Cui Yuan.
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Professor Cui:.
Thank you, Xiexie Lang Xianping taught us to do such a wonderful speech. In fact, I think we do not need, nor qualified to make real on Professor Lang-depth review. I just want to repeat or supplement, Professor Lang has just talked about some very exciting point of view. I think we may be a lot of inspiration for some very basic concepts of a very deep, and is a historical study.I only last year to Tsinghua University to teach, this year there is a feeling, that is to say, at least in my classes, my classmates and limited contact, feel that we are on some Western concept, its history, its historic, stuff, and understanding is still very inadequate. For example, lang, Professor at the outset, say that "stock". From ious to "stock market", "antitrust laws" called "anti-trust", also is opposed to the large family of these historical interpretation, very enlightening.
In addition, in 1875 he told the "Equality Act", the mainland translated as "equitable." It does not directly translate into "equal", but I think that Professor Lang directly to translate it into "equality", that originally in English history, this "equity court" is a separate court. After 1875, and together the common law jurisprudence. Directly to the concept of equality, the introduction to the practice of law. .
Lang repeatedly emphasized that we should really care about people, and learn about the society, "from the masses, back to the masses," this idea. Instead of doing a vivid example. Why the jury, in this sense is very far-reaching. Because I think a lot of students are studying natural sciences, science, and add a little. I think the jury in our development, natural sciences as a whole is of great significance. As you know, probability theory it is only in the so-called Laplace study developed out of the jury, because the phenomenon of uncertainty, the 19th century physics is Newtonian mechanics, quantum mechanics, it does not, then he is the Laplace In order to study the problem of the development of probability theory the jury, because he was a juror, he raised the probability of an event may be 0. Between .5 and 1 ... ... I would like to give this example to say, Lang teacher cited the story of a very rich history. This is not only the story, it is very important history. .
Finally, I would like to mention briefly is particularly important that the concept of a "Socialist and capitalist society." I think it is very important. For example, our doctor emergency is not money. The US rating agency also think Hong Kong is the world's freest economy, the market's highest economic indicators, and why? I think there is a very important reason is, and is also Professor lang mentioned-we have a very strict rule of law program. I especially want to emphasize here that the land was publicly owned, it is because of communal land, resulting in earnings. Unlike China, on August 31 last year, we generally say "August 31" deadline. That on August 31 before many of our public right to use the land is cheap, even entirely on relations, allocated to the user, but not a real market, the right to use the tender, there was no mechanism for the strict rule of law. We should note that Hong Kong public land produce, market, auction, resulting in proceeds of public assets, so that Hong Kong can lead to very low income tax.So in other words, if we put all the privatization of State-owned assets are thorough, it means that we are all citizens shall no longer pay more tax. This means that if we operate in the market of public assets to revenue, and actually reduces everyone pays tax. This means that the Socialist market economy, there may be a real profound contents, is also a professor with the lang said of "socialism" of capitalism essential meaning.
Nobel Prize winner in 1977, Mead (James Meade), he was translated into Chinese of a book called "efficiency, fairness and equity" (administered by the College of the library has several). Before his death in 1995, has been studying liberal socialist. This fact, I feel that Professor Lang talked about this today, the whole idea is to have a close relationship. The one hand, we should adhere to the reform, the question is yes our state 企业 need to reform, and 但 reform does not Dengyu all cheap in the sold out or that people can be benefited if the minority.But really this reform, the reform should avoid changing profits for the minority, which is currently one of the most important challenges. So I admire lang Professor in China such a critical juncture, given the important public voice. So in that sense, I think the idea of lang was very constructive. Thank you!..
Moderator:. .
Thank you very much, professor Cui Yuan! speech is about to end, but I think this gives each student the ideological deeper thinking will also continue to work. In order to thank Lang on such a night pose such a wonderful speech, Tsinghua students have a mind to give lang. Well, here are the Tsinghua University student, by the Presidency on behalf of all of our students to lang, Professor of Tsinghua University presented a small gift.
President:. .
Thanks lang to give us a wonderful speaker, then I on behalf of all the Tsinghua students, give the gift of lang is a piece of carved our second school of Tsinghua University silver plate. We send lang, thanks for the wonderful speech lang, lang also hope this gives us the Tsinghua students on this class, as well as Tsinghua students questions can give lang left a nice memory.
Professor Lang has just said he was pleased to Tsinghua University Student Union as a student organization, to invite Professor Lang to Tsinghua University to lecture us, it is very important and critical. So also, in the blossom flowers contention of age, we also particularly welcome Professor Lang of our students to help and inspiration. Tsinghua University students and students we organized forum for the times, it has to power to bring this to the students some of the resources and opportunities. Thank you! . .
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Moderator:. .
Well, in accordance with the established practice of the era Forum, after the end of each lecture, by our speakers for all students stay in Tsinghua University. Let's take a look at lang what are two words in particular to the students of our University. Lang, Professor of this sentence is: "the creation by the crisis, to the pursuit of excellence".
Am very grateful to Professor Lang has brought us such a wonderful speech, let us once again with warm applause farewell Professor Lang. (December 21, 2005). .
The first big when: real estate.
Buy a house mean? Means that you have a house of their own. Yes, you are such a thought, but in China, and you can not have this house, you only rented it. Because China is only the land use rights leased to you for 70 years (in some places is 50 years). The house usually around 30 years old renovation or demolition will be met. Buy a house that you spend the money, but can only be renting the actual results. Of course this is not the worst.The worst is when you discover that after decades cheated! have a bunch of hooligans rushes into your life savings to buy a House, a big character Riddle! and then put your family jewels like the whole when the waste is still out, in spite of you, even in the newspaper to you by a zch432134 a permanent public insult you'll know what despair!.
Described real estate in China has a famous joke goes like this:. .
Previously, a landowner has many places to find a lot of long-term work, the landlord to cover themselves with a batch of Unity House lived, one day, the landlord's advisers on his landlord said themselves over the past few years, we have a little money, and they live in your House, each month zuzi, not cost, anyway they are staying, you simply put the House to sell them a something called — owned house sale! told them they had the House forever, you can put them in the past few years save up money to recover the landlord says rentals: Yes, that's what his advisers say: embarkation points, a Japanese name, called property! was carried out, the landlord will soon make a lot of money, the happy themselves! . .
Several years later, the Manor village into a town, and rich people more and more, and had nowhere to live, counselor to the landlord, "said former themselves over the past few years and have on hand, let's give them to build a new House, a something called the transformation of the old city, they handle the money to us, we remove the House in a new buying them back, can cover some of the best selling to others, the landlord was introduced, this time, some unhappy with themselves, and landlords on the use of jiading, knocked out teeth had to themselves to the belly, and the landowner and earn a lot of money.
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Thus, long-term employment began to make trouble, and the landlord a little nervous, hurriedly asked counselors how to do? Advisers said: They must notify the permanent house to be dropped in price, do not buy, rent to live it, just rented it to them our pen, the result, so many years, long-term employment have all the money gone, also rental housing, forever! . .
The joke a little exaggerated, but the fact that it wasn't true? some say is the case why do Chinese people also want to buy a House? crazy for buying and why? isn't fooling the educational results, just like the 60 's, and advocating it nickeling must purchase: watches, sewing machine, bicycle is a successful person to marry a wife. 70s advocate one must buy a new four parts: TV, refrigerator, washing machine, telephone equipment can be considered is to succeed as a wife have children, remember that a few thousand dollars to install a telephone, but ah (per capita income of less than 200 of the town ), while Beijing Shanghai is more of a time when tens of thousands. Have to take the human number line to buy, and buy a house today, how can the similarities? . .
But today all bull shit academics started such a fool of the people of the old trick: a new family of white-collar, successful people new to choose small ring road X X X X road, Central, commercial and residential-type. After you have received hundreds of thousands, have to charge you every month rent (new property), bank interest, as well as various pretexts increases in interest rates, policies, and so on and so forth. In short, not afraid of you from the entire die, so dead enough people how it miserable! how to trap, but never on the? I was all wet!.
The second largest when: employment. .
When someone finally began to lament: educated is that when you do a silly X, when it was laid off after no chance, but only a sit-in protest against the cold, it was only in the gutter song, people laughed at his heroic life over again, have you ever thought they had and! today as scenery of white collar! they earn and standing have let those around you envy? ever 20 years later! you will like them in the gutter, utterly?!.
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But even so, parents are still mad for their children to state-owned units in a variety of enterprises to send, my side will always have such examples. I am home a distant relative, a friend dragged to find relations, spending 70 thousand dollars through an open recruitment to the traffic police team sent his son to dry on the contract police. Get 800 a month. Competition results in the third year was down to the brush. Family crying, I said, a good brush, you earn a lifetime ban on those that do not return to 70000, and quickly wash before bed, change out small businesses and then Minato money go! Probably can earn. .
When I graduated, my mother was also me holding the money that I sent to XX. I saw that the man responsible for the recruitment of virtues, nausea, and a look at the salary, why I this is not a blue 10 years neither eat nor drink until they got back to cost. Also mixed ass! so I personally threatened that guy a frightened the potbellied X Chief will not dare to admit me. I have been: the runaways.
I wanted to do not understand the Chinese people ye so foolish? Chinese characters do such a superstition? Wake up, little line of thinking is not normal? Before doing worthwhile to not do the math? . .
There are those young little white, it is best to find a job salary to high point, don't want to health insurance and what coverage and then money himself most insurance need in the future.
When the third: education. .
Diploma worth? diploma worth? diploma worth? printing cost two dollars a day on top. A teacher's salary?: Hey, two students ' tuition fees sufficient term! a class book printing? two students enough! a ban rent and how much money a semester? haha two students enough! Hey China education you receive so much money on what!?.
Hey! The people are! Why should we be deceived? Because the small ruling class told us it was admitted scholar honor. Oh I'm sorry I was wrong, was only admitted to the University of honor. But people do not ever think about why the glory? Why honor ... ... and how the University of scholar is not waste! . .
Do you know your child is taught? in China are unable to adapt to society in General will become a teacher, for example. Some time ago I was a project to find a few university graduates to do the program. The results of several people stupid enough not to you, you have to keep working, but only to a file there is an obvious typos, Y is not changed, and so you have discovered, also to tell you is this jiaozhen is not his fault that you gave is wrong. No responsibility, and will not consider at all whether it is to do something or to do one thing and doing things. I was very calm to reason with them: you must learn to think for others to think about what results you want others to do things again. Otherwise unable to survive in society. The results of a few said: we do not go to the community, we are very good examination results, schools should we stayed as a teacher. Say that again we had nothing wrong, how do you arrange how we do, do not you arranged for us not to do. This is our dignity and principles. I said: If you go to gatekeepers, the boss is not arranged locked storage when you arrive you do not lock it? You scared me? After your child is under the guidance of people like to learn and grow.You relieved?.
No wonder the universities are now living together, skipping classes, fighting, suicide ... ... but the parents are still willing to spend money to send their children to school. And spent a lifetime money. Even the poor to have to go sell blood to their children in a Sha Sha not learn of the insane asylum. .
The first four as: buying a car.
Chinese people crazy? Buy a car? Why buy a car? Of course, you not only have money to spend, you love how to buy how to buy, buy a car buy a house, anyway, how rising oil prices is also enough of your money, house demolition you should not feel bad. But most people do? . .
I used to live with a colleague, xizhimen North. Every day, take the subway to work most hours. You have to buy a second-hand Y xiali, 8 o'clock in the morning on the way up, and then it moved to the company. Hey, a monthly parking fees are substantial. Can you feel the car its own identity, the high point. Don't open a charade is a Audi I didn't see who worship three things like nine. In addition to seem a little silly than others, no other role.
Another time, I met the girl a month income to 4000, loans to buy cars in the program. I then asked her: the little girl, I've got to do business, their work on time, Metro and convenient to buy a car do? Y would like a long time, it is estimated can not think of any reason came and said: sometimes go to the supermarket to buy things right, hit another car near the point of not worth that, then walk away for that. So, drive yourself to it! I almost did not hear nasty. You drive to the supermarket buy instant noodles do not feel sick Why? Equipped with cellular phones to incommunicado, is incommunicado for! Do not think buying a car can prove anything. .
For example, I now have my own business, very busy, perhaps you want to run a day 4, 5, see a lot of customers. But I wouldn't buy a car, I hit the car with the move to the end, there is no need to worry about parking no place, no need to worry about the touch, not to worry about being a thief stole the bound, whether they are linked to the wind and rain. In the event of a collision with a traffic jam you can get off the subway. A year or more blocks of RMB! want to buy a car! year parking fees are 10 000! this is not a silly?.
Do not buy a car that do not buy a car, there are countless people who can be mad and to loans to buy, must die in their own future not too badly off! Buy it, buy a finished raising interest rates has not it? Oil prices are not crazy? Parking is expensive is not? Regret not? New car on a road value plunges the sale also can only sell you? . .
To tell you that oil prices have risen. We must rise to the same dollar and oil prices. 嘿嘿! you take the old 1/10 of income, and others a price of gasoline. I think you also must not.
Final say, everyone is not stupid, are small by stupefying education Jinong train of thought. Stupid is fine, but life or death thing you still tight with points, more calculating calculating the relationship between economic interests! Other end, a down real estate, oil price up, pay the rest of my life took the money not Shasha diploma or dry, over several decades also Shasha welfare does not exactions. You can not just post losses of hundreds of thousands (do not know can go to learn about economics, the relationship between house prices and income. Here I do not wordy exposition) to the time you can sit the entrance to the government hanged. .
Some people also say? oh my gosh, is it any longer, do not buy a car, bus good crowds. I said all fools education out of vanity is doing weird. You look at me, rent a House to live in is more than a thousand pieces a month, equivalent to some people's property. If you want to get married I rent affordable 3, 4, furniture decoration. But also what convenience where I live. Don't want to move to a long-term lease. And property costs are the same. Unecessary release also Bank loans, interest, first pay a lot. Car hit something, all right on the subway, one year 10,000 days, and also save a garage fees, parking fees, fines pile, oil prices rose to 10 also Lehe, do not delay. I did not finish college ran away, while self-learning while planning to run their business out of studying the market, also can not enter foreign listed companies What do managers? Also freeing tens of thousands of tuition fees. .
Of course some people will say: you haven't Y will not buy a House, not married. I thought I did, you think you are? someone say not cost to rent a House, renting out or someone else 's, Hei Hei, you think that buying a House also has several decades of loans paid off is yours ... Ah ... (go).
In particular, the aesthetic context of contemporary Chinese studies, meditation, the two are frequently used but are rarely reflect on the concept; its most important theoretical and practical value comparison, both the academic theory of the sort although some , but still insufficient. From the perspective of aesthetics, contemplation and reflection of the significance of the focus though with different emphases, but the inevitable result of a lot of time to the same exchange; especially the "Aesthetic" "aesthetic contemplation" two kinds of usage, basically no difference. Retention meditation on the basis of their meaning focus, this paper tried to examine the aesthetic meditation Poems. .
Although the aesthetic contemplation and aesthetic refers not to the second, but the significance of both focus on it. In contemplation of, "static" in the "view", means "static" is a prerequisite for the aesthetic intuitive, preparatory State; in perspective, the "license" in the "view", emphasized that the concept of aesthetic intuitive, see and open the aesthetic clarity. Contemplation and meditation Center of gravity of the two meanings of the aesthetic contemplation (license) of two essential points that reveal this core aesthetic category of implication: the real world of transcendence and the clarity of the real world.
1, contemplation: the virtual, static in the beyond. .
(A) of the order of the "virtual" and "static".
Discusses ancient Guan Yu very much contemplation, the "static" and "wait and see," meaning there are many differences of interpretation, but in general both reveals two features: First, "virtual" "quiet" without distinction, both separately and from the virtual fact, the angle of dynamic and static, aesthetic contemplation is the same as when describing the psychological, mental state common areas. Second, have highlighted the "virtual" "static" in the importance of the Aesthetic - non-exclusive methodology, ontology and has a life of significance. .
The so-called "virtual" and "static" for the "order" in the methodology, the "virtual" and "static" is the realization of aesthetic contemplation, to aesthetic way, way. Lao Zi's so-called "induced deficiency is extremely static, and made all things, and I to Guan Fu. "(The Laozi Chapter 16) is the" virtual, "guarding the static Tuk as" Guan Fu "and" world view ", i.e." the ' static ' is the ' view ' effective precondition. " To achieve "virtual" "quiet" the premise of effort and require specific measures, I called the "wash out", that suspension, removal may be covered Dao various factors; so-called "wash away Mystery" and "eliminate Yuen Kam "means" wash away "as the" Mystery Kam, "" Mystery "and the specific effort, the middle state is the" virtual "" quiet. " Therefore, from the "wash out" to "virtual" "static" to "Yuen Kam," "Mystery" and "reflection" to demonstrate the specific process of aesthetic contemplation.For the purposes of Zhuangzi, while in solitary meditation in all things, and it was a "tour" and the only way to achieve absolute freedom, but the "Center" and "sit" is in the detailed description of how to implement the specific skills of quiescence: as regards "Center," a "to describe, without listening to the ear, and listen to it with the heart. Do not listen to your heart, and listen to it with gas. Listen only to ear to mind only in character. Angry, and materials. But the road set virtual, virtual, the Center also. "(The Zhuangzi · world"); such as "sit," "falling onto the body of the description, chu clever, being to know, this is the same of the Chase, that sit. ”。.
The so-called "virtual" "static" to "wait and see" the ontological sense, refers to "virtual" "Static" is the aesthetic "contemplation", "Perspective" to occur in the source, ontology, specific to the internal structure of the aesthetic activities for aesthetic subject of "virtual" "quiet" activities took place on the aesthetic and aesthetic presentation of the object with both authenticity and supremacy, but also has the authentic and first of. I clear the "no" as the Road of ontology, a "the moral" at the outset: "No, the beginning of heaven and earth; there, the mother of all things. Guchang nothing, trying to use its wonderful view, often, trying to use watch Jiao."(The Laozi Chapter 1) is the cure 's" no "on the road, in-out of heaven, Earth, people, man, not only in human congenital Cosmology on a" road to life two, two, three, "but in human acquired cultural activities also stays in a row, the final return to the Park, let it be, yet. "No," Tao itself contains a "virtual" and "static" character, so I said "in the final, static, dead daily me" and "virtual," guarding the static Tuk; the tube on the mind "·" heaven's road of virtual, static, "it is not expensive to Lao nothingness and thought the finishing touch. Zhuangzi advocated "Silence" is more than say "no", "Silence" of the ontological meaning more clear, in addition to "mind fasting", "Oblivion" xujing intrinsic to return to the accident, more direct indication of Xujing to discussion of all things of this world: "When a man who xujing tranquil loneliness inaction, of the world, ... ... xujing Tianran lonely husband were doing nothing, all of this too." ("Zhuangzi Heaven") "husband tranquil and lonely nothingness inaction, The world of this and the moral quality is also."(The Zhuangzi · deliberately") in dynasties and Buddhist converge, Zhuang "no" and "empty" of Buddhism has undergone quite interesting dialogue, or to release the "no" or "empty" to "empty" release "no", in Chinese history and formed a "virtual" and "no" and "empty" meaning quite a lot of tradition. As monks and priests, that is, to "no" for all cases, the so-called "Dharma, the nature of my mind" and "not in a million, empty for all form of" on metaphysics, Buddhism is that semantic interoperability. Although the Taoist "no" and Buddhism "empty" has doctrinal differences, but both with the "virtual" "static" closely connected with the root causes for the universe and the body, and Taoism both have advocated the reality to reflect on life beyond, go back to the origin of life, in both these areas can be described as a meditation. .
"Virtual" and "static" for the "order" is not only aesthetic with methodology and ontological significance, but also with existential significance, this is primarily due to the "virtual" and "static" as the core of the theory of aesthetic contemplation with broad vision of existence, the old village of Zen Buddhism or Taoism, Confucianism, especially the song, all involved in the "virtual" and "static" and "order" and "meditation" expositions are on the current reflection on the survival activities, and to an ideal of life as the realm. Laozi, to doing nothing for the cases, large aimed at criticism of human cultural life, the premise of civilization reflection on this basis to promote natural inaction, the roots back to Park. "A good thing Among all revert to his roots, roots, saying quiet, calm, saying complex life; complex Ming Yue Chang, Zhi-chang said, clearly, I do not know often, to make any rash fierce; know often Yung, Yung Naigong, the public is all, all are the heavens, is the Road , Road is a long time, no body does not Scots."(The Laozi Chapter 16) precisely because the reality of living in who 's" I wonder if often a murderer ", false, the loss of fundamental, not me, the cultural life in the charm of the distorted, so after me," imaginary pole, static Tuk "urgency and necessity. And Laozi's "metaphysical" different, through a series of Fables, to the alienation of real life world and freedom without ideals live realms between rendered more vivid. Such as "Carefree", and learning from the cicada's decision, however, dove to fly thousands of miles of Roc's spread upward, and then to Liezi Sailing with wind, can not be divorced from the reality of the constraints to achieve real freedom, only in the "mind fasting", "Oblivion" Happy after the tour in order to achieve "despise Hakaya the Mountain" to "God"-like existence, or to achieve similar Paodingjieniu, round flat chop round realm of life. Perspective from the Buddhist theory of promise as the theory is to eliminate the world thrust also no clear trouble understanding the methodology as a void promise wisdom, which the "empty" "Lonely," "false", "static" means that the survival of trouble from the secular execution of a release, with the survival of the meaning. .
In Chinese tradition, the "nature and man" means of survival beyond the reality and the ideal implementation, such as the "stone said xiaotian virtual dead Tuk, after me, but also nature and science. "This vision reflects the reality and the ideal connectivity possible ways. This theory applies not only to understand the Laozi, but also to understand all the "virtual" and "static" existential meaning. In short, the "virtual" "quiet" the aesthetic "contemplation" of methodology, ontology and survival of three aspects of meaning, the meaning of these three further embodied in a single dimension of aesthetic contemplation of the physical, mental and emotional desire Heteropoly and the world beyond the single dimension of understanding and reason beyond the knowledge of its product. .
(Ii) aesthetic contemplation on the dimensions of the physical, mental and emotional desires beyond the Heteropoly world.
Heteropoly chaotic phenomena in the world, limited and uncertain, not only can not rely on a reliable life, but often become fetters free, sheltered nature of the material accumulated, this ancient sage has a very clear understanding; aesthetic contemplation must first realize the emotional heteropoly the world beyond. I think that "five colors blind and, pentameter is deaf, with its weird that people cool, crazy ride hunting is mind, the cargo is a rare trip harm."(The Laozi Chapter 12)" colored "" had "" fresh "and" ride with butchers hunting "and the" hard stuff "into their" eyes "and" ears "and" port "and" heart "and" row ", the world becomes over freedom and nature of the obstacles. The problem is, as the principal sensory grasp the idea of a series of collections, the perception of the world over are the principal construction; on human nature and free shelter, damage and people themselves — — single-dimension of the physiological, psychological desires hope, namely the "Privacy" and others. The study recorded in paragraph Wang Yangming and his disciples Xiao Hui-dialogue, quite beyond the heart of universal significance.
Xiao Hui asked: "have private hard g, how?" ... ... "Project will have to color, the ears will have to sing, I will have to taste, limbs have to pleasures, it can not grams." President said: "beauty is blind and U.S. voice is deaf, so delicious cool people, hunting is mad gallop, which are harmful Ru Ermukoubi limbs, Qi De Yu Ermukoubi for limbs? "(Wang Yangming," Chuan Xi Lu "). .
"Eye to color," "ear to sound" and "mouth to taste" and "first" limbs to a "to" reveal a low-level natural desire of the physiology, shows the existence of human flesh. But as the person does not lie in a natural presence is a custom to, the existence of freedom lies not in the presence of a reality which is a kind of idealistic existence, is capable of surpassing such natural physiological logical and voluntary compliance to the idealistic, free logic, Confucian, that is the humanity. Should the desire only to follow the logic of the body and not from beyond, in accordance with the physical senses of the physical needs, head to color, the color contrast; ear to sound, with sound on; I want to taste the flavor with; limbs to pleasures on with pleasures; This is not only not "to" eyes nose tongue but rather harm them; endless sensual taste in music among their achievements not only as distinct beings is not - "" - the part that should have talent mettle, but in the pursuit of foreign objects in the lost, alienated, they have not "humanism" of post-"person" an integral part of, but degenerated into a purely physical organ. .
Realization of aesthetic contemplation to get rid of the dependence of the matter, the body and mind from perceptual phenomena of the world over, and this requires on the world and its underlying low-level physiological and psychological desire for transcendence and the transcendence of the former basically recourse to the latter. Hsu considered reached Zhuangzi Center, sit there are two routes, one of which is to "deconstruct the physiology of desire, the desire not to heart to slavery, and heart from the threat of desire, which is reached the uselessness of the Cauldron. "It is in this sense, Zhuangzi that the totally free, unlimited no question of" Carefree "One premise of" no Listen with ears, "or" shape "and" falling body "; it is in this sense, Lu that the "ratings back to listen to" only after "fine joiner octupole, the heart You climbed" ("Wen Fu"), Liu Xie's view that the "shower of snow spirit, Shu Yue five internal organs," before it can walk before you run thousands of miles, "God and the Physical World "(" Meditation ")..
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(C) of the single dimension of intellectual, rational knowledge activities and knowledge products solution beyond. .
As Zhuangzi Hsu Analysis Center sit in two ways, in addition to the aesthetic contemplation surpass perceptual Heteropoly objector of the world and its single dimension physiological, psychological desire to deconstruct a single dimension of perception and knowledge solutions for activities and knowledge products. "... And of when, not let the heart of knowledge activities; to have knowledge of the activities of non-judgment to heart trouble, so the heart from the infinite knowledge, been liberated, and increased the spirit of freedom. "If the" Release "" falling body "is beyond the emotional desire, then," to know "," Elimination of the wise "is nothing beyond the intellectual and rational; another great emphasis on Zhuangzi," Wang Yi ", that digestion by the knowledge from the non-value judgments, that in order in the virtual already without me in the aesthetic contemplation of things I unprecedented texts, "with the Chase." In this regard, I on the premise of knowledge Xie as cultural activities and has no value judgments Pipan transcendent wisdom: "Boulevard waste a virtue; Wyse a large false; relatives could not and Koji; countries have loyal dizzy."So you want to discard the" overwhelming "Sint" absolutely, "" abandoned Yi ren-absolutely ingenious, "and even abandoned in order to" see "and" hold Park of small private widow wants. " In the complex and many other wise it against intellectual or rational development of single dimension, whether it is daily knowledge, scientific knowledge or moral values, knowledge, and even potentially alienated life become stiff shell of life.
In short in aesthetic contemplation, no matter the methodology, ontology, survival of the three significance, or on the lower desires and intellectual double its product beyond the rational, "Silence" is a "concept" to mean the return of. Of course, at this time "watching" is no longer a daily "watching" but the aesthetic of the "concept" is not the main day of "my view of things," but the aesthetic subject of "To Observe the Physical." .
"Saints is a myriad of feeling, it can also take on the other hand. So that on the other hand, does not in my view of things. Not in my view of things, in view of things. Either from Outlook, and in the meantime, I am! "(from the viewpoint of Shao Yong inner").
"To Observe the Physical, sexual too; to my view of things, love is. Of the public and out, feeling the dark side." (Shao "watching foreign articles.") .
We may wish to take the "bias and dark" and "love" to do a broad understanding that includes low-level desire and intellectual development of rational malformation of one-sided, and both and, therefore, that it was "too dark". The "public" and "sex" is beyond the subject and the object of which embodies the road, it is neither a subjective desire to impose occupy lower foreign objects are not subject to intellectual and rational knowledge solutions of foreign objects (also an I and in the meantime!), but it's a textbook and guest everything closely, so can the Saints and the "public", "from the" view "to a myriad of emotions".
It is through similar to "eliminate" "heart with Oblivion", "Shu Yue five internal organs, a shower of snow spirit" and a series of Xujing effort, subject to our own feelings from the everyday into the main body of the aesthetic subject, Shun Tin, from " while the dark side "of the daily state into" the public and that "the aesthetic state. All things aesthetic subject and the world were free to form a relationship, in a completely pure "Intersubjectivity" Open the aesthetic world. This is the ultimate in aesthetic activities, but also aesthetic meditation, another significant focus, and this point in the "contemplation" to reflect a more focused scope. .
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Second, contemplation: the real world of open and Clarification. .
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If the "wait and see" the meaning of the word focus in the "virtual" "quiet" on the case, then the "reflection" areas will be "observing" the "concept" of the meaning carried forward, described in the "Silence" premise activities under the aesthetic intuition of the concept of aesthetic subject, see that the opening of the aesthetic world. "Perspective is the aesthetic subject, full of love Yun beyond logical thinking vision and wisdom, look at the view object and met right." "It (the reflection) is never referred to the vision beyond the ordinary watch, but it means Watch grasp things by visual ontology, the ultimate meaning."As a" concept "has the meaning of the verb (such as watch, watch) and the noun of meaning (i.e., watch, watches the object and effect, such as Outlook), the" view "also has a similar meaning in two layers: the first is in solitary effort on aesthetic intuitive activities, namely the" view "and" photo "; the second is an aesthetic object of a Visual object, as well as on aesthetic realm, that is, the" view "and" shine "and" like "and" realm ".
(A) "reflection" as behaviors: "Flow Theory" and "penetration." .
"Outlook," "" this is a body of Visual behavior, but it can transcend physical limitations become insights into truth, grasp the encyclopedia's "perspective", in which the concept of "flow." As an aesthetic form, the concept of the "flow" manifested in two forms: one is the stability of the aesthetic subjects view facing action, the second is a changes in the main view wander aesthetic "on sight". The former Department of the Zhouyi words ":" up the view like in days, then the method to the ground, and birds of the man and the Earth, near, far from being put to dig, so for gossip. "Here," Perception "and" watch "approach is taken to be objects of analogy, a way of cultural creation, also opened the Aesthetic typical way. If, Perception is the main aesthetic point of view of up to a fixed under contemplation, are "relatively wait and see", then a distance, close observation of the "You View" in the main aesthetic shift around the body or point of view changes occurred, then are "dialectical dynamic concept". "flow concept of" reflection patterns of two different, Aesthetic impact on the aesthetic object seen by the concept and opening the aesthetic realm, the formation of different aesthetic styles, but all the many masterpieces.The former as protracted Kang: "see to Hung-waved his hand, five chord, pitch tour too unreliable. "(The army line one"), the latter as Tao Yuan-ming's "warm warm far people village, Yiyi hui in smoke. Dog bark in the dark phase, the crowing of the mulberry tree top. "(The return of horticultural home"), and so on..
"View" "flow view" similar to "photo" of the "flashback", both of which are aesthetic activity to achieve the ultimate aesthetic subject and the aesthetic object when lodging an exquisite mechanism for. "Empty mountains but not people, but the celebrity voices echo. Back to King Rusen Lin sunlight, moss." (Wang Wei "forest of green") This is a typical flashback mode. "According to" The lighting is to illuminate the fire outside the property, or water with copper as a mirror to see their own mirror image see; fire, light, or mirror, Kam, but the eyes of the visual organ and the extension of the outer , and "according to" this act is also a "look" "see" the ways and means.Because of the physical "according to" contribute to grasp more clearly more realistic image of the object, the spirit of the "license" is also possible to render the blanked in existence: "shine" and therefore get metaphysical significance. And "shine" and "view", the "from" also has a strong background of Zen Buddhism, are not essential. Because Buddhism so-called prajna wisdom meditation is the meditation Mystic nature of itself (the Buddha), which is on its own Buddha nature of reversion and return. "Diamond Sutra": "A line of deep wisdom when, according to Perceiving total defeat, degrees all Kue"; "Tan Jing" says: "Since the nature of mind, wisdom reflection, internal and external Mincher, knowledge from the original mind, in the final to be free. "Here," according to See, "" Perspective "are achieved through Return to the Garden's own Buddha nature, in fact," flashback. " Therefore, as a concrete form of identification, one of Aesthetic Aesthetics, "flashback" means the aesthetic subject of its own nature and the true state of return, and of course, means a series of the Falsehood and the Clarification of the effort. .
As noted above, as a reflection of the way, the "from" and "back" is not a space or time of return, but in the true spirit of the tour of the nature of rendering. Similarly, the concept of the "flow" of the "flow" is not in the body of the Kuroshio variations or "chaged" in view of the pitch or far or near, the concept of the "flow" of the "flow" is the key to think freely, spirit of freedom, the concept of the "flow" and "from" aesthetic essence is intuitive visual perception via physical sexual, but beyond its reach heights of spiritual insight, which is the true meaning of "reflection". Whether it is "concept" or "license", has both inside and outside of the other: the appearance of external and internal photos concept photos inside. The former relies on the visual senses eye, is an external perception; the latter to resort to artistic imagination, "pure consciousness" is a kind of inner perception. One of the body (including eyes) of the limited nature of the decision is limited in external perception, and artistic imagination and the "pure consciousness" can break through the physical limitations of the spirit of freedom to start, in the limited accessibility of infinite order to show the presence of absence.The aesthetic aspect is a type of outer perception, it is a kind of sexual body, on the one hand, and beyond it, is a kind of inner perception, a spiritual sexuality; while the latter is the core of the "view", is also the concept of the "flow" and "key from".
Therefore, the "Perspective" is a kind of behavior is also a spiritual body is, it is not a rational understanding of the emotional grasp of transcendence, but a financial reason and emotion in one of aesthetic transcendence. Flesh and spirit, behavior and body, subject and object of perception and rationality are the product of binary opposition separation; in aesthetic meditation, blend together in the subject and object, so the dual structure does not exist, so the "reflection" to grasp the aesthetic object and The opening of the aesthetic realm that contains the body and spirit, behavior and body, emotional and rational factors, and many opposition but on some images beyond their opposition chaotic and dynamic world. .
(2) the "perspective" as: "all things are contented watching."
Cheng Hao Song a poem: "I enjoy the contemplation of all things" ("even into the autumn"), can be said is a reflection of the genius of the opening description of the aesthetic realm. It is in the main aesthetic seeding the inaction of the "contemplation" in order to open the long-life masked the true state of contemplation to the complete liberation of free aesthetic world. In addition, Su a poem: "quiet so the group dynamic, and air so Navan territory" ("very few teachers give participants"), he alleged that the eye of genius from the static and dynamic, the actual situation reveals the dialectical relationship between aesthetic contemplation (photo) and deep structure and the aesthetic realm of the rich world to open. .
Academics, mostly to Kant's "non-utilitarian aesthetic" to grasp the essence of a wait, this is the proper interpretation of the utilitarian aesthetic subjects from the liberation of the world, but there is no "utilitarian" is a passive way of expression, and not from the fundamental substance of the definition of contemplation; in other words, there is no "utilitarian" is a sine qua non for achieving aesthetic contemplation but not sufficient condition, is the aesthetic contemplation of some, but not all features. In the history of Western Aesthetics, Bosanquet has gone beyond Kant, "no utilitarian aesthetic," said, recognizing the aesthetic contemplation "static in action," the characteristics of the aesthetic imagination that there is always "active" to "create element": "'wait and see 'The term does not mean' static 'or' slow ', but always contain a factor taken into account to create. "" When we say that the aesthetic attitude is wait and see, we simply means that this attitude, there was one idea put in front of us, and we reflect the emotional satisfaction that is derived from the appearance of the features and details.We do not want to deny that imagination is active, creative; … in other words, the soul is in accordance with the direction of "form", to feel offers something to modification and freely. "Mulberry sunflower that utilitarian aesthetic subjects from the world by the" non-utilitarian "premise, imagine the freedom, active and creative, on a variety of surface modification and creation", "effort", close to the largest forms "; this is the aesthetic appearance, where the abundant enlivening, emotions, imagination, creativity, spiritual freedom wind. The question is, Bosanquet considered "spiritual" focus on "representation" to pursue "the greatest form", which fall into the dualism of Western phenomenon and the entity's statement Tsuen, inevitably there are known solutions of the aesthetic phenomenon of split dollar's ills. .
In this connection, the Chinese traditional culture shows unique wisdom, Laozi Zhuangzi "Guan Fu" and "excursion" and Zen "road shall flow" can be a reference. Lao not only "virtual," guarding the static Tuk "survey" elimination, but in the face of "everything and made the phenomenon of" my world "in order to view its complex," but this "complex" are among the "complex", but also after me, mean the ultimate "complex". Zhuangzi's world is clearly to Lao "Guan Fu" genius of the play. "You" from the "flags and the like" ("said the text") to the "spiritual freedom" experienced and "Values," "according to" the significance of similar changes are beyond the physical world into the spiritual world structure. While "visit" to "mind fasting" "Oblivion," the basic premise of ignorance, no desire, but not lead to solipsism from the outside world, just open the one with the Tao, and all one level.Zhuangzi, contained in the body with the road, much of the world, whether it be Pao Dingjieniu, wheel, wheel flat zhuo or disable persons bearing tiao ju, its highest level is not clouded by self in isolation, but rather "and" physico-chemical and physico-chemical, "for" excursion ". Therefore, not only for the excursion to understands road, and understands everything, their perspective to the world, certainly is cordial and vibrant. Zen against persistent paranoid that the "road to flow", static and dynamic, in the altar by · decides the explosive fourth "said:" good knowledge shall flow path, road; heart if live called zifu method. If the word is often sit motionless. Only if Shariputra Yanzuo forest, he was Vimalakirti blame. Good mentor, someone to teach sit, watch heart View static, fixed can not afford, this home success, not charming, then the Executive into Britain, so are the public. "" Platform Sutra Products section "in a more clear explanation:" He were not read? No thought who see all methods, all methods vain; times in all places, all places vain. Since the nature of the net often, so thieves from six out of six, separated from the Liu Chen in unstained, freedom of movement, that is Nirvana Samadhi, comfortable relief, were not read lines. If the knot does not think, in season must read, that is, law tied, that is, side view."The true nature of Zen Buddhism, in the absence of the persistence in tranquil Nirvana, but this is not a" 100 things do not think, absolutely the degeneracy read "spirit of the dead, but he is not certainly the feeling in the" flow "of the cycle of the road, which is aesthetic and aesthetic realm's intention to open.
Sushi on the state of this freedom have a profound aesthetic experience, and meditation on the many wonderful addition to "quiet it is a group dynamic, and air so Navan border", the other as "Department of static and dynamic concept, then all things Bi Chen in the former situation "(" On the Korean speech went something like Dingzhou ")" Home silent Department, while the concept of all things change, do its Ziranzhili. "(" the prime minister had ") in" quiet office "" Home Mo Department "is meditation, the prerequisite conditions, is meditation, when the state, and" love of all things in the former Bi Chen, "" view of all things change, do its Ziranzhili "is a meditation to open the aesthetic realm.Additionally, Mr. White was borrowed, such as mountain wit on the mood: "Cheng view Yixin and Teng Chuo Vientiane, is created by the artistic frame; birds zhubo, qunhua themselves, is the artistic manifestations of the circle. "The contemplation, reflection as behavior and dynamic in the realm of static, virtual bio real features generally have a Yu, here's a simple, lucid exposition of bland: the birth of the" art and soul, the moment in the life of ecstasy, the aesthetic of the so-called ' serenity '. Serenity's starting point is to put all my empty sever, and transaction temporarily insulated. At this time feel a little heart, contemplation Vientiane, Vientiane, such as in a mirror, light gleaming, and their proper place, present their own enrichment, inner, free life, the so-called 'observation of nature contented'. In the contented, free of all life in the quiet Murray to reveal brilliant. . ".
Zhuangzi · Tian Zi-Fang "cloud" to his wife, who kept the road. "It can be said that the" Save "witnesses to the road in a nutshell, reveals the aesthetic contemplation, reflection of the real. On the one hand, contemplation, reflection is based on the "view" and "see" the flesh of the Visual behavior that occurs in the perceptual phenomena in the world, on the one hand, and through virtual and static view of the subject, such as Kung Fu beyond physical existence and perceptual Heteropoly, relying on the freedom of spirit and imagination, open body and spirit, emotional and rational, subject and object, phenomena and ontology for everyone, harmonious aesthetic realm of narration. In this aesthetic realm, people "see the same mountains, the waters or water", but has reflection to the true face of all things, their inner nature and even existence of some ultimate. Heidegger, "the United States as the uncovering of the truth coming out as a way", and aesthetic contemplation, aesthetic I am afraid it is "beauty" Uncovering the truth "coming out" by specific forms of it. (Acknowledgements: Thanks to American Scholars apology to Mr. Chen Yan, Mr. Zhu Liangzhi, Mr. Zhang Jing, and Mr. Li Xinfu criticism enlighten, courtesy of "Nanchang University," Mr. Wu Zhixiong encourage, in this deep appreciation!) (Chun-Lei Liu). .
Liu Hao Ming's "a hunger artist: as the cultural phenomenon of Qian Zhongshu" on the Internet has been around for a while, at the end of the world "magazine. Because he has a more innovative point of view, that is, the angle of the overseas Chinese scholars, but also because of his strong to the extreme tone, that is, no doubt about the negative tone of voice, and he thinks that a seven-inch d-Qian, have sparked I tried to do something for Qian Zhongshu, although Mr. maybe money doesn't last places like me lad. For many people the various accusations against him, in fact, in Qian in his work have been done by default manner of reply, however, criticized those who probably have no patience or ability on to read his book carefully before entanglement also tangled. Liu Haoming and other accused persons do not read as shu - not not read, but not read - so I only need the defense, perhaps ask him to read a little shu, but I still want to charge more tongue, on the accusation that Liu points (in fact, that all accusations are nothing more than the total points), systematically refute them one by one. .
A..
Liu Haoming article most striking point is that he shaped Kafka's "hunger artist" image to describe this novel shu. He said: "shu corresponds to a hunger strike hunger strike kung fu artist, is like his memory scanning, reading his gluttonous appetite ... ..." However, I have to say, the analogy is not quite correct as the first. You can not say that such and such a hunger strike on the one hand, on the other hand said that he is a gluttonous appetite for. Sentence in respect of such a conflict, even if all metaphor, it can not help but feel funny. .
Liu put hunger Kung Fu Qian according to hard and fairly frivolous tone he joked: "this kind of work in his" on the arts and the pipe taper series of manifestations in Chinese literature of the performance to outpace the Western literature. "This is a statement of truth, Qian Zhongshu academic starting point" as the body, and learning to use "; and, of course, it's just a starting point, rather than a foothold, the foothold of money is the Oriental and Western people with minds with this thing is no side. Furthermore, as a Chinese scholar, Qian in the documentation of this imbalance and and commendable. For such as shu at university of Western literature, and later Liuyang of scholars, is commendable. Liu himself in Europe and the United States a long time, the brain is naturally different from Westerners quotations melee battlefield. Although Liu statement in writing when their disdain as shu as citing the fact he did not bother to do their own, cited the words quite a lot of Westerners. Of course, the vision is also limited to Nietzsche to also modern and contemporary, especially the fashionable people get timely wisdom teeth. This is not against one's will, which is hypocrisy! Ridiculous and pathetic, he has not cited a single word of Chinese literature.He seems to have been brilliant to Western eyes, only without the sea, and I was worried that he might also want to point the Chinese literature cited, but unfortunately the abdominal Tsz empty, searched and not too. People say "forgotten ancestors," but he better have been brilliant to no code countable!.
Even more ridiculous and pathetic is that Liu's own eyes the "foreign" no "in", but an attempt to belittle the works of Qian's "in" many "foreign" less, it not absurd zai? He can not do, not ashamed, but the blame on other people doing more. Chinese people of this great evil, but he did inherit was deeply rooted in the least bit uncomfortable! This is a common problem with many of those who approved of money, their knowledge of Qian not only yearn for, but also dirty water splashed up. If they can do in learning to Qian's half, again put forward their own views of the so-called originality, again grant money, also far from satisfactory! . .
The most ridiculous and complex sadly, Qian "deforestation," Liu is not only not cited China books, or even reference the money himself even one sentence in the original. Read his article called man, I feel like a person, in a building surrounded by circles, mouth says purports to dismantle the building, however, called for a long time, or only in the mansion around the circle, does not go inside to remove even a piece of glass, a bar, on the understanding of the complex structure of the building. This kind of criticism or undo acts more like a tongue-lashing. Stimulated by a little bitch, soon to stimulate the conversion of such excited mood, stood Adam Street, shouted abuse, language is a set of, winter ridge look professional, but she scolded scolded her content is independent of the object . She just immerse yourself in the curse of the act itself. Liu said that shu playing the arrangement of the performance art; As it is, then, Liu himself to play the squalling performance art.He grabbed a couple of points, such as lack of originality and the Chinese intellectuals, actually had been plant Qian, distorted, symbolic, and his own subjective oppose what the Qian Zhongshu, then proffer Saber. In fact, he would have called for may not be the Qian Qian, because there is no shortage of innovative and humane care (details later). Qian Liu put out because Qian Zhongshu is big brands. Big brands can be used to advertise, can also be used to. Liu is well versed in the curse of. He shu artist than as a hunger strike, said shu "will exceed the ordinary people of skill as a point of attraction to win the audience's cheers and copper," and that such behavior is actually a show. In fact, the bitch squalling so is not a play? Her point, as the effort to attract not only beyond the ordinary, but also beyond common sense; she has to stand on the street to the curse, because she scolded her, is beyond the curse of the object and subject, her aim is only to the audience Note. Hunger artist is said to be anti-cultural, squalling bitch Daoshi culture as anything! . .
Then again to scholars of Liu solemn tone even seemingly authoritative tone, flatly said: "this kind of work did not serve a particular problem or some theory and interpretation, and therefore does not have a general usefulness of academic works. "To Liu advice books can be reached in two ways. A "service to a specific question of" second serving "a theory of interpretation". However, the problem is that on the first point is concerned, he charges completely wrong. On the second point, he said no, but because it was not read, and he gave Qian Qian accusations of a hat.
What is "service in a particular research problem?" Liu Qian and CHEN below the comparison was explained: "Academic History books and set some of the issues raised by research and reasoning to conclude or even to establish a greater understanding of history and literature and interpretation of framework . shu is completely does not have these."Qian Zhongshu's academic research really does not have the problem of consciousness? this difference! Qian Zhongshu academic career, and it can be said that serves a" specific issues "that is, the" East Sea, seeking psychological Yau learned with; South learning, surgery is not crack ", but this problem is too big, there is only one small problem decomposition as to be able to solve, like the one by one before that of fine sand, the vastness of the desert. Whether it be the about the art catalogue or the pipe bevel series are full of questions, solve the problem. Only those issues or because of their small (of the traditional so-called "primary", I was like the grand narrative of rhetoric who disdain), or because of bias (for some West Boy, the traditional Chinese culture within Most of the problems, even if it is recognized as a major issue all ages, I'm afraid are too partial, too, because they have marginalized the Chinese traditional culture, of the dwarf), so there is no access to the view of some commentators. Or, shu and solve problems raised by the way the questions are not that straightforward form, so those used to the problem can only be obtained from the questions people are feeling out..
Let me separately from, and the pipe bevel series cite one example. 。 Qian Zhongshu hate that use external standard methods of the literature in incising, his stand is an internal standard of literature, such standards to text as a starting point to the literature for humanity as the literary and humanity; for a high degree of integration. In order to break the "poem and song" share the idea of Qian temperament of poetry, he said: "there are two kinds of people in the world, divided into two types of poetry. Look through the poetry of the wind, song more rhyme good to bones and SILI see is better ..., Tang, song, cite the appellation is probably. Out of a non-master Tang Tang, song, the song out of it. Therefore, the shaoling Tang, Changli, Xiangshan, Higashino, of Song of the real Chinese person; Song Ke Shan, Whitehead, nine monks, the four spirits, the Song of the sound by the Tang. "This is a refutation paper, first of all prepare yourself to be put out of refuting the view that" poetry sub-Tang, Tang Fu Sheng in the early evening hours, are those of the popular saying about Art. "In the shu before, many people have objected to this points system, also listed a number of Qian; However, differences from the perspective of human nature sort of poetry, he was the first. The critical consciousness and the creation of awareness is evident..
The pipe bevel series volume one of the first article discusses the "easy" and the word of the three levels of meaning, that is, a simple Zheng Xuan ", also a variation II also, not three. "These three meanings of mutual relations with dialectical thinking. Qian Zhongshu also cited a number of Chinese characters of color, so as to expose the Hegel's character is not suitable to make speculative fallacy. "Hegel's taste of contempt would not be appropriate for the language that the seminal thoughts. "In the instance refuted the conclusions after Hegel's arbitrary, Qian Zhongshu is a lot of space and examples from scholium perspective, positive summed up the character of logic and reasoning. He said: "more than word meaning, coarse other two. First of parallel sub-training ... ... The second is the back up or Desire for training." He cited the "Yi" as an example, said: "'Variation' and 'difficult' , 'easy', also for training back out; 'hard' and 'easy', the parallel sub-training also. 'Yi Yi, a while with three' persons, and back out of sub-parallel joint training is also training at the same time. " others refute this point of view, put forward their point of view, the history of the Chinese philology or the history of logic, is also the first person to Qian. The break its legislation, but also can be seen. Shu of experts in dialectical thinking, this is evidence.By Hegel as the representative of the German philosopher has always believed that dialectical thinking is the most advanced thinking. Liu in Germany, this should not be. But he has repeatedly asked the question: Qian Zhongshu thinking? listen to his words, tone, he does not seem to be rhetorical; I don't know, he is right about Qian too little, or about thinking (particularly dialectical thinking) know too little.
What is "the establishment and elucidation of a theory"? Liu Houwen to deny "Tan Yi Lu" and "tube cone series" The way to do a further, specific explanation, he accused shu Copies of these two "no Aristotle or Quintilian good of the strict style and system. " Shu does not establish any theoretical system, as neither all-inclusive philosophy of Aristotle, nor Quintilian good as surgical rhetoric system; but he did not intend to do that job. This is so, he has a clear understanding.As early as half a century ago, in the reading page〈 Rao hole > to the beginning of the article, he had been on the theoretical system: "many intensive deconstruction of ideological and philosophical systems of exhaust not erode, collapse all, but some of them also a later were not taken. Like the huge buildings have been destroyed, and no person, nor was not, and some of its wood and stone and tile is available. The balance of the valuable thing is only some fragments of thought. From the system while the remaining fragments of thoughts and fragments of embryonic but not a system of thought, both are piecemeal. Their only lengthy, look down a word, even revel in the amount of attention to a ton of nonsense, contempt dissatisfied one gram, that is shallow and vulgar view of - if not an excuse for lazy floating crude. "Many people think that shu is not enough on the title of master, because he did not like Zhu Xi, or Hegel, the establishment of their own theoretical system; does not know that he does not value system.It was to let him do what he does, on the one hand be too embarrassed him, on the other hand unfortunately was he said, was "a little vulgarity," and "lazy" crude float. Is the only establishment of system to known as guru?, born of the ancient masters — Confucius establishment system?.
Shu cherish those unique, profound and interesting a word, so "Tan Yi Lu," Poetry used, the form of appreciation, as the text value desert oasis, Crescent Moon Spring, "compilation Guan," Notes on the style used (Qian and the Chinese recognized the English translation means: "a limited observation: Notes on the concept and literature"), in the "tube cone made" in the preface, he modestly said that his words are "spacious broom of share, the offer of wild celery, with its capital at too, such as wiring Ling Campanulaceae can to passing? or perhaps that head than the bamboo sawdust Seoul."Blame someone in, Qian's shy confession to sit and think that the tube is filled with cone series, really just a piece of knowledge. As one called learned reading of the Ocean, Qian Zhongshu's book, of course, there are all sorts of fabulous, but even if that knowledge is nonsense, but also as a "word". He looked at the use of knowledge on Earth such as gold, waving and express their ideas was sparing gold. Because of this, "Fortress Besieged" German translator, German scholar, an expert on Mo Zhi Qian Yi, Professor Jia "
"Tube cone made" really like a library, the library building with citations; but the door in the library or central, Wu but sitting is shu - Look, this man - we can not only see him attitude and figure, but also to hear his voice and heartbeat. Redundant, Pagoda-like citation is happy with his service, is to make his dissatisfied with a permanent fixed location. This is dissatisfied because the quantity is not dominant, as if swallowed by a large number of citations; so many scholars do not see them, but also that "tube cone made" there is only "summary of ancient famous speech", not to speak of Qian own.Liu is not such a judgment or excellent, so he complained that Qian Zhongshu's this way is similar to the "technical copying", "is google-style". According to Benjamin, early in the 19th century, large-scale mechanized replication technology existed; the most powerful Internet search engine "google" is also popular in the world for years; why Qian Zhongshu yet only one, and if said Qian Zhongshu is copied to others, that he himself must be easily copied. Why not copy Liu into Qian Zhongshu? is that he did not want to or should he do?.
Shu adopted the "Six Notes I" instead of "I interpret the classics," the style, so he is "learned person", also "How to behave" ("Poetry Taiga Xu Pu": "Zhou Wangshou examination ya do not Zuoren. "Standard Interpretation ease" How to behave "as" change the old building new "who. shu researchers Yan Li concluded that the" Do the new ideas in the old solution, "he said:" Annotation is its ancient form and coat ... ... is not the ultimate goal of the ease in the ancient books, and in all of human nature and the concept of inquiry, of Mind ... ... It is not only thoughtful, but also learning; not only knowledge, but also literary grace, and informative."Mo-yijia also excellent see Qian new Word exists, but also to grasp, so she went straight to the pipe bevel series reading into a collection of essays. My friend, Mr. w. Carlo Italy is the prose reading became leopa section of random thoughts. I prefer to put the pipe bevel series of text as an essay or article to read, just to "notes" of English "essay" mean. This is a British writer, was very fond of using a style that is used in Chinese ancient scholars an effortless style. Qian Zhongshu, this style is not only to continue the tradition of ancient China, but also draws on the traditions of England . "Essay" can be understood as "random strokes." "Tube cone made" in an article, really well-written random, different lengths, different tone, but are smooth, the water from every cloud, are all freely roll back and forth, it is highly commended articles Sushi style: "Standing in by what are often limited to not more than "(" Wen said. ") Many people do not properly read, did not read in, not feeling the avenue, in front of the ancient Chinese were everywhere, all kinds of foreign language to frighten, so he left a psychological shadow, that "tube cone series" The whole child is a scold Qu superfluous teeth, like spam.I read the pipe bevel series feel more relaxed, not because I am on no barriers in literacy, but because I know the pipe bevel series of routines, such as General is a refutation treatise, the first to give to the criticism of the views of others, and then refute, followed by a large number of wide as circumstantial evidence, to put forward their point of view, it is very wide. So a model, its chapter structure is not simple.
Shu reason no brains, with a logical line to string together the pearls of thought is to keep this fresh and lively.Of course, he also has another purpose, that is, from the th sports to cultural revolution, China letter old culture, old, old style has been to break it, we all cheered the old world completely collapse Qian Zhongshu, stood up, he wants to "sages", and had to do with classical this old media, the notes of the old style, to build your own book, to verify that in today's have repeatedly been forcibly simplifies the context, whether it maintains its classical style of the vitality and richness; in architecture surrounded by modern paper format, whether there are notes of the encirclement. This is different to the fate of the old stuff, really gamble on a handful of Qian; results show that he bet on won. He notes that with the ancient Chinese and the body was out of view, is being widely used in those systems thinking in modern Chinese and written in the papers and monographs. This is obvious, but failed to serve Liu, "Theory and Interpretation of the establishment", only he claims that the text is not that of Qian's services. His bad eyesight, can not see, partial object that does not exist objectively; this not trouble you knowingly harboring ulterior motives? . .
What is an academic and practical? can be academic external or internal. Either China or the West academic history already have thousands of years. Academic itself has accumulated a lot of problems, but also accumulated solution available for reference. The so-called academic and practical, it is improving computer program or a murder weapon? Qian Zhongshu in his academic works in a lot of problems, but also solves many problems; and, of course, those are internal academic problems. However, he solved the problem of academic internal, has not forgotten satirized or prompts academic external things and people, in addition, he used an ancient tactics. We can not say that shu resolve the issue within the academic said he was not solved any problems, can not be said that his academic work is wasted effort. .
II.
Liu also said that shu "hunger strike" consequences "eventually become completely self-entertainment, habitual and enjoy." Very unfortunately, "amused" and "enjoy" a tautological, but more remarkable is that Liu "amused" by adding a "complete" word. I noticed that he repeatedly used in this article that said the high degree of adverbs, such as "shu is completely does not have these." "Shu is no sense of history." And so on. He also expressed the highest level with a love of the adverb "most."Such as "Shen Fu Qian to Derrida and so-called complement this dangerous mistake is the safest, least problematic, most authoritative. "Read all the books, Qian also can not find a place for three times the word" most ", which can only be Liu Qian on another language to impose — rape. Liu buggin this year, only demonstrates its mentality is extreme or even despotic, their mind is to heavily advertising, because the most advanced form of words is almost a sign of ads. The reason why some of his judgments as arbitrary, precisely because he seems to be such "indisputable" not aggressive in our vocabulary. .
Qian Zhongshu learning mindset has a bit of relaxation? the answer is Yes. Qian Zhongshu life's biggest hobby is reading, almost all types of books, no matter how big, how complex, he can read and have tirelessly, enjoyed it. If he felt that reading is not fun, and that he would not be so deluged with Bo; we engage in scholarship, that he might be doing something else. We do not say that "the fun is the best teacher" and "work to entertain the first" art of relaxation. Shu do not want to think that's no fun reading the text forced upon the people, not to mention the "Fortress Besieged" Many of the people burst out laughing wit and wonderful description, that is, "Tan Yi Lu" and "tube cone Compilation" This is considered the most difficult to read in today's academic work, which is filled with laughter, jokes, and even so-called "dirty jokes", there are about God, about ghosts, on the bizarre rumors. Shu childhood dislike of high first lecture, but like the taste of education.He also acknowledged its own interesting tendency, in life I have a good week zhenpu in a letter that he makes a mockery of the text "tone" lurking "funny throughout the game," and also said that "the ghost of God said, in the ancient village of only a half-half harmonic attitudes." Old girl-like, you can imagine.
However, if we use the "full" is the word shu fun of the tendency of exchange as a "center of interest doctrine", think again. There are three reasons. .
Qian Zhongshu is of the view that the interest would not only help keep us the desire to know and be able to strengthen our capacity of the poor, he even fun to metaphysical height. The pipe bevel series in many places have "solutions are complex-solutions-Yi gu," this view. Qian Zhongshu seems to have expected that Liu Hao ming, such a person would take his taste of said, he quoted Kant, Schiller came to his own words: "Kant's taste, the solution can match words quyu traces associated concepts, enabling to consistency, as spouses. "" Mang bring together the concept of no contact, "which is the writer's most valuable skills - imagination of performance, while Kant felt that power of imagination is based on fun." Schiller in the game that made the nature of the arts; neighbor and that the Realms Poor and Wende martial arts without the game feeling Mozambique, through the game things. "Liu is Germany's scholarship, presumably on Kant, Schiller's words, not unfamiliar to you?..
Qian Zhongshu not only for their own amusement, and entertain. Those who read Qian Zhongshu, everyone will not deny this. I'm afraid there is only one exception, that is, Liu. Maybe he has long had in addition to his motherland Wanli, maybe he's guilty of the very serious depression, and even the siege "could not get him laugh.
But even more importantly, the solution of Qian Yi sometimes only Kuzhongzuoyue it. He had actually sense of urgency? "On the Art preface," opening said, the book "Appreciation for though, but real worry of the book also?" What Fin? "The water group flying, Sung Bin rotten fish," also, "worry-day will be pressure to not avoid the" too. So the term "queer Appreciation, doubt phase analysis" is a good thing though, he is used to "sell Melancholy Shu outrage" means: "Poetry is said to Kuang Ting amusement, thinking for the Department of Zhao Qi Rebellion Chi. "we are here today to read his text, to be empathetic, understand and restore his sorrow and grief when writing.The discussion on art "on the reader is expected. He is not to say it: "know who know illocutionary have sorrow South in the mourning of Jiangnan"? "is the famous poems, here no use quotation marks, you can literally because Qian Zhongshu is in the South (Shanghai) complete this work, then the entire South are started by the scourge of wailing.
"Besieged City" to be "humorous, witty", and is peppered with many "features a pale fairly good joke." However, before the reader with amusement, shu writing is not interesting scenario, but bad weather and "Bing Ge Elephant," "because it is the Republic of China 20 years [in 1937]." This gives novel set an ominous tone. In the end, He used the book the end of this sentence: "This time backward time machine accidentally includes the meaning of irony and sadness of life, deep in all language, all laughed." This is life, lamenting the existence Elegy, on the fate of the hui died of septicemia.In the meantime how helpless, holding the number to word mind. Lihongyan readout, is omnipresent wisdom. Hu Qing read is "substantial approximation of deconstruction, postmodernism of aesthetic factors. And in the creation of these novels Qian, West's latest cultural trends still in phenomenology, symbolism, Russian formalism leading stage. Qian's the art of conducting, indeed demonstrated a high degree of aesthetic perception and talent. "Alas, Liu read out, the only novel" because of its complacency and playful wit - they often are women, physical characteristics, and racial profiling for the materials and objects - the rhetoric of the creative writing obsessive damage own unique structure, aesthetics and style that make them become artists staged a hunger strike, another program, which is a pseudo-novel (roman manque). "Around on the red words correct grammar and syntax long, that Liu's Chinese level on how low, how confused thinking, depending on how narrow the field.In fact, Liu of this argument, as early as 1948, when someone puts much way said, Shanghai one called unexpectedly small series ", someone said:" in this novel, invisible life, just like a million animal garden of beasts like blind agitation of the low level of desire. "" There is only another pornography; is not stopped like a thunderstorm euphonious joke. "These things since the last 25 years, have been different people on different occasions reference, but I suspect that Liu has been read, the same is not true. Even though he didn't plagiarize others, nothing fresh. I am a bit interested in asking is: If "Fortress Besieged" is a pseudo-novels, so Liu could tell us, really novel should be like? True, false, where the boundaries between fiction? Only because the novel of "smug wit and playful - they often are women, physiological characteristics and racial profiling for the materials and objects - the rhetoric of fascination," they decide it is not true? . .
3.
Liu also said, "Tan Yi Lu" and "'Residual' is due to the addition of the expansion of the database, because as time increases, the writer read / scan more data. 'Residual' views do not involve amendments or demonstrate improvement, even if, as with art, "Tan Yi Lu," is not compatible. "is a majestic, full of flavor criticism during the Cultural Revolution" full. " .
Qian's performance is a serious one, he is not a finished article, a book, just throw it there, but constantly new material, on the basis of the original "fill out" and "residual," and "updated", such as the 1983 's the art catalogue supplement form fill out content even more than the original length of the pipe bevel series and the last book is the fifth album is all on the first four volumes of updating. This kind of "fill out" the aim is to enable the exposition has become better, more accurate, and sometimes not only new material, but with the discovery of new materials, go to the revision of the old ideas, or even completely overturned the original view. If the "residual" really "nothing to do with ideas to improve the amendment or argument," then we could not give examples of. However, the contrary, we can easily an example. .
First illustration "perspective correction." The art catalogue 84 you cite many examples of "the song more like poetry to learn meditation. "The" residual "also cites many examples, some of which are in the same direction as the original, true expanded database; Qian Zhongshu does have this example preferences laid fishing we don't mince words. But many examples is the difference between poetry and Zen, that poetry is inseparable from the language of art, the "Zen of language, also. "(Zhang Gao Wen the tea Cohen law III the poem Ode niche).
One more illustration demonstrate improvement. Original concluded that a view that "the world to know the differences at the same time, and the Desire"; then only touched in passing to give the example of Confucius and Chuang Tzu argues that the reader unclear on the inside; "Addendum" that "this Hsu Shu-cheng ten years, Unrestraint I called 'the world at the same time the differences, and of Desire', is today the tree of the Western literary historians righteousness. "Thus, shu were held in Germany, France, Britain and other recent views of some scholars to argue their own 10 years ago of that promise views make this point all the more solid the. .
It is precisely because the art catalogue "fill form" there are many such "correction" and "improved" Qian "regret its least" sigh, more "non-book" of a bygone age. He wrote in 1983 "fill form" "introduction," the first self review said: "since-less, easy-to-light heart, taste, see and assumptions of the foot, the jewel of the high; that is, even in a million will be without-chul, has therefore not week ... Zhuang Zi deep regret and user-friendliness. "He went on to say:" the top and bottom of feelings of complement, that is, the comparison will sooner or later, and effort. Monk Chao-the substance has not moved on the "first home fan Zhi Bai, its neighbor said: ' I still person, non-person also. 'Hereby are still former books, non-former book is also, if the complex non-former book, still almost former book? "Obviously," Supplement to the present "and" original ", and is the between" Jew "and" non "of a double dialectical relationship between, rather than simply followed or negative. Shu" regret for his little " But that does not mean "less for its destruction". "Supplement to the" have more of the "amendment" and "improvement" will not have to completely subvert the original. Liu revolutionary fundamentalist-style demands, have to be shu Supplement this with the original order to reform? he can not see the revolution, took refinement also denied. I wonder if this idea is that motive?..
4.
Lau, the last part of the article devoted considerable attack shu "no sense of history." This is also a misunderstanding. Shu in "On the retro" article, said he was "beloved past", and "understand the nature of past now (the presentnessof the past), he knew that the past does not follow the book and tear with complete calendar disappeared." His sense of history is soaked to the bone go. But the biggest difference between he and Academic History is, after all he is all poetry, but Chen is historian.-Que's methodology is "proof" of history, the meta white paper certificate "is an outstanding representative of this area. He draws text to sweep aside the historical fog, the fog light, he threw the text to. He literature, based on historical perspective, or follow or history. I read-que's best literary studies, always feel that he rolled in literature peripheral; of course, this kind of stuck to him are legitimate and effective, because after all he is a historian. As a poetic scientist, Qian and do more of a literary criticism or literary work within, indeed, "the text ism" - the tendency of a text-based. Sometimes, he also interested in historical events, there are things right version. However, the focus of his interest in historical narrative, that the text of history. Raised the question whether in the course of history, or in solving problems, his footing is always text. .
In history ", set", the son, as the basic distinction in the structure of the ancient Chinese academic, the most important is the "classics", but the biggest achievement is the "history". The history of the "proof" is the most widely used method of scholarly research. In this sense, more than Chen Qian tradition — in the words of Liu — more stale.
Shu focus on the text of the history of the performance of its methodology, there are two main aspects. The first archaeological excavation of knowledge, the second is the unit history of ideas in the narrative. .
Th new culture movement, many of the traditional knowledge is suppressed, the State of being buried, Qian on a lot of buried knowledge are the hallmarks of archaeological excavations in his clean, some knowledge is accurate positioning; in his brush, some text back to bright light. Qian, text in and heritage, historic and cultural value, it is also a sense can be touch existential need protection, consolidation, research and restoration. It is shu's decades of hard and sustained explore, many historical texts regained its vitality into the scholar's perspective, and thus also the author of those texts in the sense of soul back to life. .
Qian has a strong interest in the science of origins. He likes on the historical evolution of the status of the text back to a word or concept at the time of the origins, evolution, and other text in the text, and the Western Intertextuality in homogeneous or heterogeneous, he studied with great interest. In his the fullest knowledge of archaeological excavation, you will put these content set out in accordance with the historical order, make-a-glance, a strong sense of history. I think he's the reason why there are so many statements take the trouble of Lizi cited on the surface seems to show off erudition Ta seems Zhishiweile, but more or Yue at a deeper level, is not left out the units to the concept of historical links, not to his narrative history of the text appears broken. For example, Kaiyuan, a poet might with Tian, another between the poet use the same word, and expression is the same concept; shu to list them all, and in the pure sense of composition, it may seem redundant superfluous, but to protect the concept that the integrity of the historical narrative. Otherwise, by the injury is not learned, but a sense of history。.
Shu have text tendencies, but we can not be asserted that he has followed the text of centrism. .
First, there was no favor Qian, emphasized text, but no historical or negative in the history of the real world. Liu, "Shen Fu and Qian Zhongshu, text outside of the real world completely obscured the text of the world, but their text world with the real world is not a homogeneous, neither is the real world, having verified that the description, nor is it valid regulations and directives, and is not a rational consideration of these in-depth. "In fact, only the text of Qian world and separate the real world to some extent, giving the text the history of the world out of dependency and the role of slaves, has a relatively independent status and self-sufficient, self-confident position. Money Chung does not agree to a large extent the book "Style" and "History, regardless of home" that he has advocated "cultural" and "person" should be separately, "Man" and "history" have the basis for the existence .Qian was Wang Guowei's "the dream of the new solutions" have to disagree, simply because Wang Guowei in Schopenhauer's pessimism philosophical explanation of "a dream of Red mansions", "text" and "person,"..
Liu, "text" and "reality" of relations, showed a clear language tools of color, he thinks the world should be written with the real world with the structure, but also that the text is the "Road to mark the image of," he can not wait Let the real world to rule again, assimilation, to occupy the text in the world; this is the weakness of intellectuals as a writer and surrender, not knowing, not self-confidence.This language as a tool has long been Derrida and other Western mainstream intellectuals disliked and abandonment, but also pick up Liu, to attack the Qian Zhongshu's literary tendency of ontology; not funny, or as he himself said, the art behind? "to talk about, of course, is" art ", otherwise it does not make much sense, but Liu from language tool on, gotta Qian Zhongshu in such titles of people about the reality, not foretell?.
Second, shu talking about "art", there was no disdain, "Reflection of Life" approach. He talked about the venerable text is "literary heart." Whether in the "Tan Yi Lu" or "tube cone made", there are many of the people, of human nature, reflection and criticism, there are many of the oppressive cruel officials, Yufuyufu revelations, ridicule and castigate; these not only specify that history, and alluding to the reality; of course, he used this approach to the ancient satirical. Shu's critical edge is everywhere; course, "Tan Yi Lu," critique mainly settled in the arts, "Guan Code" is not and politics.This seems to become the so-called Qian Liu's concern about the reality of a braid. But the accused know the "comments" principle. Qian Zhongshu wrote pipe bevel series positive "withdraw Wei Wen Inquisition" terror, "the text" network in the sky, even ancient methods, even if the only literary criticism, and also needs a lot of courage. Liu himself out of context of the pressure, standing safe distance, to overseas Chinese in Goujutousheng facility and personal pressure on the parties to Fangleng Jian, a generalization to demanding perfection, assuming wielding the big stick of criticism, anxious money Chung book is like the lead pipe to the butcher's knife as Zhang Zhixin, sort of a kip heroes? . .
Finally, Qian Zhongshu whenever given expression of self consciousness?! even if it is in the pipe bevel series of academic works, we can also hear him from the darkness of laughter, saw his shadow Flash Tengnuo, his attitude and flexible firm stance. It is for this reason, I have never put the pipe bevel series as strictly academic works, but rather academic essay, better looking and more people. As he had pieces of Li Shangyin the é ?? ' ? "tears of beads. He said: "Have not said, 'Pearl and tears', and said, 'Pearl and tears' to see round beads while condensate is still hot tears, has become a treasure decorated, yet with Octyl, quality and losing popularity with treasure. "It's just, like yin shu, like do not like the text in the spotlight, but more like behind the curtain exposure to text, or declaimed, or calm the debate, both the subject of ridicule. Qian's book reading, should have read too happy in the righteousness of ability. Liu referred to only see, can not see that, and do not blame themselves for this purpose, but the letter did not explain Qian denounce the history and reality of the possibilities, I have to doubt his eyes and mind. .
Qian Zhongshu in self expression with restraint, in this sense, he meets his parable – "from" — only to give people a nidus, extends also. But he is restrained, Liu vented Leopard character; the so-called "full of life", the so-called "great will" (rear). To this end, I prefer the Qian Zhongshu than sense and action of the Leopard fast. The original road classics? "said:" the dragon to red algae-painted solid, Tiger to Bing Wei Ning. "The text of Qian painted like this algae and Ping Wei, and it was very unfortunate to see only the language of juggling. Clearly, the problem is not out of the text in the shu, but in man himself, he eyes had cataract, but his heart seems to have clouded - it seems the scars of historical consequences. (North Tower)..
A..
Husserl's so-called "Bernau Manuscripts" Although it was impressive, but it is in a very short period of time formed. In August 1917 and September and in February 1918 and March this months, Husserl live in Bernau (Bernau). These total time in five months in the Rossler Hotel written presentation, Husserl all the "time and individual" (Zeit und Individuation) were adapted for the title.This time it is reprocessed in Husserl soon after moved to Freiburg, their motivation is certainly Stein (Edith Stein) in 1917, proceed to the early hours of works of Edmund Husserl's Phenomenology. These are mainly formed in 1904-1905, lectures, and thereafter until 1911 lecture manuscript revision, Husserl and Stein 1917 during summer in Bernau together. But as always, this amendment will soon enable Husserl single-mindedly into new works of writing. For earlier discussion of the processing time of manuscripts, Husserl now only a little time and interest - and in this case are very sorry to Stein, in a similar experience several times, she quit in a few months Husserl's assistant position. .
Husserl has long put him in the formation of the manuscript Bernau just as his early time consciousness about the inner text of the supplementary and push forward, this is certainly no longer be reconstructed. But certainly, Husserl aware of him in Bernau by on time of work on the new direction. The latest is the beginning of 1918 in second stay in Bernau, Husserl has repeatedly talked about a "new works"; for its content, he in 1918 March 8 in a letter addressed to Heidegger made the following description: "time and individual, in accordance with the principles of rational metaphysical transformation." A few days later, in the April 5 letter addressed Ingarden, Husserl writes more clearly: "Because I'm doing is not a simple phenomenology of time - which is not purely be resolved independently - but on the individual, usually individuals (ie 'facts') there - and is based on the nature of the basic configuration - the construction of very large problems. " .
Since then, in 1926, which is exactly eight years later, Husserl, Heidegger, the latter wrote to help organize their time, so that the manuscript was published in the philosophy and phenomenological research Yearbook; but in the beginning, he most likely want to finish by early presentation not only to consider, but also pay attention to Bernau manuscripts. But because Heidegger's reluctance to participate in the study of presentation of shorthand; therefore, Husserl only gave him some Stein edited early presentation. In this way, also in material completion of Bernau manuscripts and early literature of the time of separation. Followed a year later, in September 1927, when his time trying to analyze Husserl's publication of manuscripts entrusted to Yan Ingarden, the manuscript was only Bernau. Behind this attempt also fails, then a year later, that is, by the end of 1928 before the project, Husserl final manuscript material to Bernau to his assistant Funk (Eugen Fink).During this period, Heidegger in April Stein has published early presentation delivery, some processing with a "preface", where, he pointed out the Husserl's a "late works," it is "continuing to promote, in particular from 1917 relaunched with individualized problem linked to research on the consciousness of the time." Admittedly, I by Husserl assembled, and delivered to the Funk of Bernau manuscripts, for individualized problem is rarely talked about. In the end on which, and what kind of publishing program based on consideration of Husserl as possible from the documents to the Fink deprived of his stay in the second Bernau formation of individual issues on the presentation, For this, we can not have a reliable says. However, this manner of different objects around individual issues, and has a tendency to Bernau time the existence of school presentation, in fact, can be found in Husserl's manuscripts, and also, they are entrusted with Husserl Finland grams with the manuscript, but also by the author and Loma (D..Lohmar) is responsible for the complete edition of Husserl Bernau presentation got attention.
1929 to 1937, Funk has carefully studied the manuscript of Husserl's Bernau time. Husserl tried to make up for finishing off the work, its approach is his assistant continued to provide more freedom to use their presentation. Was quickly referred to a presentation by Fink and have added their own, and in the name of two books published. In fact, Husserl and Fink is very tense in the early thirties to explore the issue of timing, whether it is common in both the dialogue or in their drafting of the new presentation. Bernau manuscripts published in the efforts to weaken at this time, although it has never been abandoned.Husserl wrote space EPIC's presentation, discussion time awareness and advance original primality is given, and the relationship between the self, time consciousness and awakening of sleep, death, relationships, and the intersubjectivity and conversion occurs in relation to the historic and so on. As these in Husserl archives manuscript of "C" and the presentation, the time of Husserl has once again, the decisive shift has occurred. Husserl although I gave him the last time issue manuscripts considered a study on the promoting of Bernau, but he did not think of these two groups of Fusion as a manuscript, the only publication. Only two manuscripts of considerable length, and the beginning of their different systems have led to publication of Husserl he were on the mid and late timing of the text. Therefore, the Bernau manuscripts and C incorporated into the manuscript, "Husserl Collected Works" of the two volumes, this is consistent with Husserl's own intentions. .
Funk I work on the issue of time nor is fruitless. To Bernau manuscript-based, and to Husserl and funk, on behalf of the joint publication of works of the time and the time (Zeit und Zeitigung) consent getting Husserl (of course he cannot hide her disappointment) into a new time, Funk should be the sole author of the latter. However these text Funk is not published. According to his own reports, Funk voluntarily destroyed their time writing the manuscript. In 1969, Fink to Husserl by the end of 1928 entrusted to his Bernau original manuscript to the Leuven Husserl archives, which, as "L Manuscript" was included in the manuscripts of Husserl. .
II.
In the brief history of the Bernau manuscripts after the formation, if we now turn to its contents, then it is clear that we have the basis of these texts and earlier by Rudolf Boehm (Rudolf Boehm) incorporated into the "Husserl The Complete Works "volumes X and in the time of late, mainly through Klaus Klaus (Klaus Held) monograph and by the time the system analysis elucidated the actual links to research asked Bernau manuscripts text. .
Husserl early phenomenological awareness on the time of the beginning of the text is on the time of the object (continuous sound) or a date object (voices of) description of perception. In Brentano (Brentano) and Meinong (Meinong) works, but also includes James (James), Stumpf (Stumpf), Stern (Stern), who works for Analysis (this Bernau manuscripts is not it!), Husserl form a belief: a persistent object of perception though is usually a continuing perception in behavior occurred, but not explanation for the continued perception a kind of the object of sustained perception of how possible.As a pioneer in his there, Husserl here, for a period of sustained perceptual analysis is also focused on the issue, namely whether a current behavior and how can they be perceived a goes beyond the reality of the present time. Husserl's view, only when the date object's first and given past and present at the time when the object is holding together, continued to be present to be sure — even the Husserl's this view is also active in the contemporary literature tracks.
For the above, an object of this with the present (Gegenwart) of the current grasp an object linked to the immediate grasp of the past, Husserl first to use the "original recall," saying, and later used his newly created The "stranded" (Retention) of that term. In terms of the content, he sought to fundamentally depart from such as Brentano and Meinong, because he neither understood that stranded as a (imaginary type) current behavior, nor did it mean after a kind of comprehensive scope of conduct, and Dao Shi understand it as a style of perception itself.Although on the one hand to adhere to Husserl to distinguish between the moment the sound of the present ("the original impression of") and the immediate past sound ("stranded"), but on the other hand, he wants to put these two grasping to understand a contemporary perception of non-independent. This is the basic intent of Husserl, even in 1904-1905 times talks after several years, he remained concerned about the basic intent of analysis and requirements. The future sound of so-called immediate grasp "proactive" (Protention) nature studies, always here is of secondary importance. However, in the Bernau manuscripts, the first photo in particular before the restrictions it together and got stranded due attention. .
In the nature of the detention of Husserl's phenomenology of progress, he also continued for many years, and also extends to Bernau period on intuitive imagination and renewed concerns about the behavior of delimitation plays an important role. The resulting view that retention of consciousness — and imagination and reconstruct opposite — though is not a current behavior, but remains on a variation of the original present consciousness. That is, the retention of consciousness about the past is neither a reconstruction of the past and the present of re-memory, nor a moment of simplicity for the present and the original perception, but for some variation of the past perception. But now, to the intention of consciousness in their theory accurately define the framework of such a perception on the past, right Husserl is not easy, but the difficulties associated with this manuscript once and again in Bernau, occupied his mind.Challenges in particular from the application, that is, for a feeling of intentionality righteousness (Auffassung) mode (it is from the external perception of space objects of Phenomenology provisions where borrowed) applied to time consciousness, thus also apply to the above just discussed above, the remaining sexy know consciousness. For the latter, one of the issues raised is the same: a contemporary feel and then how do righteousness should stay up a past moment.
Husserl to solve the mystery and diversity of efforts to make the final then he brought to the same point, it is implied retention of consciousness in a sense is given of the content. Because Husserl soon clear: the kind of variation (Modifikation), marks of a past that is present in the current retention of consciousness variation, not only must reach to establish justice, but also bound to touch and to serve based on the feeling content.Otherwise, we actually do not understand why I feel in a case might be a moment of perception of the motivation of righteousness, while in another case it might be a thing of the past to a retention of the motivation of righteousness. As a stay of execution was not based on the variation of the model, the content of the "imaginary" (Phantasma) is rendered, which is an imaginative variations of righteousness was feeling content. However, awareness of in-depth study of the imagination that soon: This template contains its own mysteries, which just touches the essence of this thought or that the material was given to sexual. .
Continued until Bernau manuscripts concerning the detention and imagination of parallel studies, early on to Husserl a view that with the visions of Phenomenology provisions linked to the difficulty is the implication in the detention of the consciousness of the feeling content requirements with those of the struggle. In other words, to stimulate the stranded in righteousness feeling material called imaginary (Phantasma), and not much useful, it faced and erase the current focus of stranded and contemporary of the distinction between imagination. Only when people insist on opposing the one hand, meaning the contents of the imagination-style variation of variation and retention of the distinction between, on the other hand taking into account the established meaning of the content in the two key problem is a variation of a sense of awareness (of its general nature of explanation has yet to be), this time on the retention and analysis of the phenomenon of imagination is possible each other. In addition, the more accurate term, a task that not only touches stranded and imagination, but also has been touched in a legislative sense perception-based, not feeling content variation.Such a variation, i.e. the original contemporary feeling of being given, Husserl in its early in the text as "the original impression" (Urimpression) and later in Bernau manuscript is referred to as "the original rendering" (Urimpression).
To illustrate the stand in an intentional defined as Ji Chu's Ganjueneirong of the mutated, or not Bian Yi's been Jiyu of Ben Zhi, Zuichu the decisive step has been seen Yu Husserl on Sense of Time Zaoqi text, Erju therein obtain the views of the Bernau manuscripts and must not be questioned.Regardless of whether such at detention and imagination, but it also has the original perception in the sense of intentionality righteousness looks so close, that is to say, no matter which is not related to a perception of stranded or imagination of righteousness, the inescapable: the feeling content itself is to be given must, therefore, there is a variation of or not variation on this feeling content awareness. In other words, a contemporary feel and a stay was granted the distinction between feeling, ultimately derived from this feeling of consciousness.
Husserl in the early text to this intrinsic sense of feeling is called "absolute consciousness", and then in the Bernau manuscripts call it "the original process" (Urprozess) or "original rivers" (Urstrom). In the early text, the feeling is called "inner time," that is different from its own transcendence, the object belongs to objective time. Bernau manuscripts usually simply called the timing of this object within the time "event" (Ereignisse), to the inner consciousness of the latter is called "experience" (Erlebnis).This change is already a preliminary sign on Bernau period Husserl, one of the following conditions is no longer self-evident: original process (variation and no variation) feel as objects are being given, the original process itself has an objective of intentional consciousness forms.
Then, even in the early version of "absolute" sense of adoption, it has made during the Husserl Bernau has also been a big problem distressed link together. The first difficulty presented as a precise nature of the requirement that such "absolute" sense, or "original process" and its sense of which is "intrinsic time object" or "event" nature of the relationship requirement.The Husserl complete tenth volumes published posthumous manuscript, we can see: related to how the Husserl early text up double points: first, he soon became clear that was described as "absolute" in the sense of the material on the feel, the key must have been intentional consciousness, meaning that the materials may not feel as an integral part of the "real" and the sense of belonging to the "absolute". Since otherwise the material on a certain sense a variation of the mutation with a sense of no distinction between the consciousness that is a kind of stuck with a sense of the original distinction between impression will change Debu was understandable. Husserl's second new idea is the transcendental phenomenology of the adoption of Restoration arrived at, and Zaiyu the "absolute" consciousness and feel the relationship between materials, the provisions of one kind of Zhong Xin Lian Xu relations.Just a feeling of a vertical meanings beyond object has been constructed, similarly, in the sense of "absolute", feel themselves as a (current, past or future) intrinsic objects to construct it.
These two views and then again in the Bernau manuscripts endured an in-depth study, and did not seem to get the final result. Some text in the Bernau Manuscripts, the kind of doubt it control of Husserl, that is: the "original process" and the timing of "events" of the relationship, the key is not really a kind of structure is to link this "original process" and that "events" are really two different stages of consciousness. Reason for this suspicion is the first following question: "the original process" in the "event" is a matter of fact, as (internal) object extraction and understanding gained.But because of this concern, the first insights in turn has been questioned, the process identity for an intentional manner. In addition, we described doubts and problems, even in the later time C manuscript text also plaguing Husserl. This can be confirmed following the impression that the manuscripts in Bernau, Husserl did not reach any process on the "original" and "timing" of the link between the final provisions. On the other hand, it is undeniable that, C group associated with this late text elucidates a theory, it - and the other point of view - even in the Bernau manuscripts have also been able to find it. .
Short, the key issue is to try a thorough distinction, that is, before the self in and of itself, i.e. the original prime time (hyletisch) process. On a self-and active implementation of time and an anonymous and passively, actual or former Prime time of discussion of the distinction between, eventually gave Husserl in C the manuscript to such a degree that he denied that in the absence of any self-adjoint of the rivers have any original structural features. Function only in a ready-made them the self and only when talking about a kind of temporal structure of the object. However, through self-interest of the right Qian reflection of Yuan Guo Cheng Shi Xing Xing Wei's ex post facto, that is Genju one kind of the original Process Benzhi the Shenru variation, Zhezhong original primality of the original river that has the one kind of structural significance.It is true that such a process on the basis of the new doctrine lies not only in the Husserl there are increasingly aware of active and passive forms of the distinction between forms of consciousness, but also lies in the kind of infinite regression (unendliches Regress) difficulties, which is like a nameless shadows, always accompanied by Husserl's phenomenology consciousness of time, whether it is in the early days of text or a late-time problem C manuscripts.
From the early days, in "Husserl Collected Works," published the text of volumes X, 我们 can already see, the key Wentiqishi on Zaiyu Wuxianhuigui the Butongxingshi. From the first form in the following circumstances, namely: an emerging every "original image" or "original expression" reason to the original first impression is given of mutations, because it is the latter into a kind of in the past the retention of the original impression. At this time, then the emergence of new original impression of the original first impression not only mutated but also in making associated with it for the first of the original impression of the stranded mutated.In other words, a variation to variation in the form of consciousness to the first original impression. The fourth new original impression, every individual in the past the original impression is given of the recurrence of variation, but now, with regard to the first original impression of awareness has on a variation of the variation of the model. As long as the original procedure or alive; that is, as long as the new original impression appears in consciousness, everything past the original impression is given of a sustained, multi-dimensional variation of such a complex process will continue, and possibly up to infinity. In the latter case, the retention of the original image of the original master will overlay variation with an infinite sequence of stages of the process associated with the. .
However, the first regressus ad infinitum [unlimited] is relatively, because despite the difficulties, but the Husserl did not doubt on first impression. The manuscript in Bernau, Husserl, obviously it is more problematic, stranded in the past a endless variation of such a process really is a phenomenology is demonstrated on the inspection results. In his phenomenology of time consciousness within the framework of the new description, Husserl also increasingly concerned with the variation of Diego stranded complex (Iteration) growing up together with the current distance of the past retention of a given of the consequences. He describes those who have passed away from the immediate impression of how the original conspire together, in which not only lost their clear distinction between each other, but also lose their current mood of self-stimulation.1918 Bernau manuscripts on the phase separation of the stranded in a "fade" (Abklang) discussed. In the absence of positive from self steering and grasp to the distant past as directed by the stranded soon began to fade, and as a result, even their lasting variations may tend to pause. Although the dead stay may be reawakened and resurrection, but they at least in the first of his Fuzzy characteristics.
A second form of infinite regression involved on the "absolute" sense, or "original process" awareness. We have seen, Husserl put on an object beyond the time provided the intention of awareness as a pre-intentional sense of the intent of the Legislative material justice. This feeling was aware of material, but also in a more profound consciousness, that is, the "absolute" sense, or "original process". Husserl in the Bernau manuscripts there also busy on the provisions of the original process more accurate.Because of the following problems appear again and again, that was described as "absolute" consciousness really constitute a separate stage of consciousness, whether this relates to a priori intentionality and consciousness of constructive, that awareness of intentionality is also has a prospective righteousness the intentionality of righteousness. Whether in the early texts or manuscripts in Bernau, and these issues are linked to a further problem: the "absolute" or "the original procedure" awareness of the situation. Because if the latter requires a further sense of the Yi Shi can be given sex, then it lost its only as "Yuan process" of "Jue Dui" Texing, Erju faces form a kind of infinite Huigui risk Hou who will shake the consciousness of the interdependent phases of the building. .
Back in the early texts, and with regard to the "absolute" awareness of the dangers of infinite regression has been clearly as possible, but in the end, Husserl has gained on this difficult a compelling solution. The core of this solution is that the following assumptions: absolute consciousness must at the same time both on internal, and object of consciousness is the consciousness of its own. But the key is not an assumption contrary, Husserl in a sense of the depth of the remaining analysis shows us: first, the remaining variation in the continuum of time through successive changes in perspective, a unified, objects within the time and point in time it belongs to a more obvious; second, each stranded with the help of all the other stranded overlap, but also formed a kind of variation of retention itself constantly on the consciousness of the consciousness of the river itself."Absolute" stranded sexual sense rivers therefore in itself contains a double intentionality, which both intrinsic time objects, on the other hand, has a self affiliate or an awareness on the river itself. The intentionality of the stranded Husserl's previous direction called "cross intentionality"; the latter direction is called "longitudinal intentionality". Husserl was also emphasized that both intentional direction in the ongoing detention of rivers processes belong to the same procedure, between is not joined.
Such a process designed to overcome the original sense of the infinite regression associated with the risk of trying, in the Bernau manuscripts have also been picked up again, and be made to push forward. Consistent with the earlier text, the period in Bernau, Husserl is also a built-in objects remain stranded in the original process, made a clear distinction between. However, Husserl now give the proactive (Protention) to explore the essence of great concern, he thus made a very important progress.Such a new draw, indeed it is interest that is completed by proactive contribution of interest — not only on the original procedure's awareness of the contribution, but is also increasingly on Husserl nervously on novelty (Neuheit) contribution of consciousness — also in Bernau manuscripts of the new time is reflected in the diagram. New and important ideas usually resulting from the detention of variation on the continuum and proactive variation continuum of intersection of accurate research. Husserl now no longer happy with that: each of the original expression are embedded in nature is given of detention and be given the proactive nature of the double-sided visual field, and the contrary, the description of a relatively minor Husserl analyzes the variation remain proactive in the context of the role of the continuum, and the retention of the content requirements for proactive effects. .
This proactive role in the in detained and held in proactive role in the discovery of new, mainly in one and the phenomenology of new beginnings, linked to time consciousness more intensity in the formation of provisions. For example, this new point of view: now, the original embodiment is no longer called time consciousness of the original core, and is referred to as a point of staying in the sexual variation of continuous and proactive variation of continuum in which overlap each other. The original process, the analysis from this genesis can be seen, Qizhongbingbu simple De Jin Jin about a Youcong current to Guo Qu's Hou Tuisuojueding of continuous Bianyi mechanical process. But rather that, as awareness of the life course, this original process is expected by passive and dominated by the tendency is to be given by the richness of visual enhancement and weakening of the form, expand and enrich the experience of non-dominated. .
Above these new research applied to the original procedure's awareness of the phenomenon, its consequences, is no longer the Husserl's original procedure's own consciousness uniquely treated as residual capacity, i.e. of a stay of the "portrait of a capacity of intentionality". In accordance with Bernau manuscripts of the new doctrine, which is about the original procedure's own sense of what is on a contemporary visual augmentation procedures (Erfüllung) experience, that is, from about being stranded in proactive to their intuitive realization of the process of continuous awareness of the transition. In this one kind of been understood in the dynamics of rivers to enrich the process, consciousness itself Heliuhuode the current show, because Dangxia be given things in the past as both a forecast of what the future has as been aware of. In other words, immediate experience, in fact, a substantial one in the past on the present generation of awareness of objects. Different from the earlier text, in this important post is no longer a purely additional, self-awareness that is stranded, but an essentially fixed in the current flow down the river's self-consciousness of the original. .
However, we must mention that the original process of awareness of the new theory in Bernau manuscript has not been without its obstacles have been implemented and those of alternative or competing perspectives in an infinite regression analysis of dangerous back into the work of a prominent position. Obviously, Husserl above just talked about the original procedure's own consciousness is not entirely satisfactory. Link to this doctrine can be seen together in a difficult Yu fact that: it is to consider the original Guocheng Bu Xing Yi Shi 地 understood as the intention of an independent Jie Duan, and in that sense the intention of serving as an sense-Zhi Texing of Huo Zhe also associated with established features of the inner meaning of behavior to structure their own time to object. We have already mentioned, this process provides the original manuscript in Bernau suffered a serious question.In its perception and a suppressed on the intrinsic time object of detailed grasping the distinction of process, Husserl and also consider a "unconscious" to the original procedure, or not is not possible. However, even if it is not possible or not allowed to have such a senseless's original process, but also always question, namely: whether you can expect a is not sure of the original procedure really have a constructive features. However, if the original process in order to give A construction features, Jiu need to have a self of Ba Wo additional, also a kind of reflective behavior, then, the independence of the Yi Ji Bu Jinta the intention of Tezheng it into questions, and Women are almost no longer talking about a process on the original sense of the original self. Of course this way, the dilemma of the provisions of the original process again been on the original sense of the possibility of problems associated with the risk of infinite regression. .
The manuscript in Bernau, Husserl in the attempt, at least, depicts two different roads. The first road again took him to the Brentano on inner consciousness of the famous theory is near, for the latter, Husserl in its early text — despite the many criticisms – have already expressed a lot of sympathy. According to this view, the so-called "original course" after all is nothing more than to go beyond the time object in which the intention to construct their own sexual self of a companion. Thus, Zai not link that Hangweidangzuo internal 时间 object to the negative intent of the Qing Kuang Xing Xia, Yuan Guochenghuoxu act of not altogether Jiu Shi Du Li of Huozhe implied the Shixing awareness. In other words, which although certainly relates to a sense of intentional acts, but not the object of conduct relates to a sense. The object of a consciousness on the behavior, the need is a new, subsequent reflection behavior.Of course, whether and in what circumstances in which the original Act (Aktvollzug) reflection behavior of intentionality, consciousness about the behavior and consciousness consciousness separated from each other, this issue looks at Bernau manuscript or not award. Husserl in Bernau manuscript go or at least the discussed at the second road, similarly to an early return of the doctrine. The key is simply to "establish justice - Li Yi content" model is not only applied to the time of the original process and the internal structure of ties with the object, but is also applied to the original course of the river itself and activate their original expression, retention and proactive on. But this way, Husserl again been on the risk of infinite regression, but also the Bernau manuscripts for the unique point is that for the content and setting of defined patterns sense at the time the application on the treatment and avoid the Wu Xian return to mostly go hand in hand in the. .
However, in Bernau manuscript recurrent out of infinite regression problems, it is not possible to immediately and uniquely attributable to this or another more or less convincing about the original procedure's theory. These may relate to a matter of principle, its entire it touched Husserl's phenomenology on time on the system. Maybe it is so simple that it is not possible to have a time is not based on the premise of the origin of time. Even such concerns are not completely shown in the Bernau manuscripts, and that people can at least initially on the new things in Husserl (Neuheit) treatment, particularly with regard to a "primary" original embodied see the possibility of such concerns. .
3.
However, we Bernau Manuscripts system to determine early to problem areas and unresolved difficulties in the text, we can not draw such a description is an illusion which seems to involve nothing more than a kind of "Husserl Collected Works" volumes X's simple to add it. In particular, the sense of the text in the early hours with the first batch of the years between the Bernau manuscripts, that is, from 1911 to 1917, the Husserl issued a "concept" vol.We all know, in this work, we not only can you see a phenomenological reduction methods and the transcendental idealism of system description, but you can also see an intent-intent-related activities of the associated role (noetisch-noematische Korrelation) to view the detailed study of intentionality, consciousness and the logic of the study is still through the phenomenological modes can not find the pure self. These new understanding even in Bernau manuscript has already begun.
In particular, the structure is to discuss the role of time consciousness, Husserl repeatedly thinking of the phenomenological reduction and the nature of transcendental phenomenology, although structural analysis of objective time dramatically give way to the original process by the time the object of the internal structure the analysis. Bernau manuscripts for the first time to elucidate a particular intention to activities oriented description of time consciousness.Husserl in this absolutely satisfied with the General description of the intention of the time object refers to the activities of modality and the intention of the dependencies of the association between the time style, on the contrary, he devoted himself to the intent of the provisions of the time, a detailed and independent research. In this way, with the intention of the different timing of individual objects of the points we mentioned above that Husserl's phenomenology time exists in turn. For example, in this context, Husserl concern the following issues: the timing of an intentional object is given of the intention is not belongs to its associated Xiang significance, related to, the object of experience, imagination and conceptual objects where the object is the same performance. Finally, in the Bernau manuscripts Husserl also also discussed in the "concept" has become more urgent after the release time of pure self-consciousness and the relationship.Related research in particular around the time of the event itself (Zeitigung) as well as the pure self's own time (Verzeitigung), as well as on the river of time-and by an active or passive self to time links between the sexual experience..
However, the Bernau manuscripts made decisive progress beyond the early texts, not because of absorption of the "concept" in (its essence remains static view) transcendental phenomenology, but rather is a result of new elucidated, and consistent to be consistent to a "place" in school transition. In other words, the phenomenology of this breakthrough is not as people often think of as the past, first in the winter semester 1920-1921 Lecture "transcendental logic" in place, but back in 1917-1918 years between Bernau manuscripts already happened.This also explains why Bernau manuscript text readers on a regular basis and in particular to discuss the renewed problems occurred to already be familiar with the comprehensive analysis of the passive Husserl ". Naturally, Husserl's phenomenology of new stems from his time in contemplation of the nature of consciousness, it is not by chance. Moreover, when we briefly sketched in Bernau manuscript handling issues and put them in the text of the early separation of the discussion, we had already met this kind of time-consciousness of the new, sexual understanding was the most important factors.
To have sex at such a time analysis of the shift, first to the key question, Husserl is not considered to no longer - as in a static study of the correlation function is frequently the case - Ba in the sense of time intention to play a role as a kind of understanding associated with the object of sexual behavior self-item intent. Although the intention of such a sense of structure and function of time is often played an important role, but Husserl is interested in is how it was formed in the tendency of those former self, the pursuit and obstacle, the latter marks a passive place of the original intent of the process.In addition, as life processes, this original process is not simply a mechanical process: it has a goal, also has close to this goal. In this way, just as we have already mentioned, the life of the original procedure provides for an intuitive given sexual pursuit, forcing the Husserl timing of enrichment process for a new and dynamic representation.
That is, to be experienced passively, the original is in the process of primality of the original aroused by it and of turning the self, perception and grasp the behavior of the source. However, not only introduced the subject of sexual self and each moment of being given, all of these from that produced by the original river. As we outlined above, as of a given state of awareness of current practice was formed in the passive experience of retention of the original intention of the river and proactive interaction between intentionality.So, this new knowledge will lead to a result that the present identified as most of the time the original dimension of consciousness, which occurs through the phenomenology and subjected to investigate. If you have a moment like this, with its own history, which is generated by the moment, so that people can better understand why the Husserl in Bernau during such detail on the following issues: whether there may be such as the first aspect of the original embodiment of such a thing.
Finally, time consciousness and actively passive, anonymous manner with the self-imposed intention of doing the focus of the link, it also makes Bernau Husserl discovered during a secondary form of passivity, The latter has become the habit of self-behavior landed him.In Bernau manuscript text, as can be expected, this time in accordance with the habits of awareness and capacity mainly in the memories of new sexual contact in the analysis of the discussion, such as the distinction between forms, or to distinguish between two things, on the one hand, in accordance with the habits and a physically linked to the objectives set, on the other hand the memories are with perception accuracy of goal setting exercise of positive memories.
However, the ratio of re-memory of the analysis also greater for the individual discussions that: As we cited Husserl Kaitou Yin Ingarden's letter was addressed, said it, "Phenomenology of time [... ...] is not simply be resolved independently. " If this phenomenological task is to prove a priori consciousness of the object's timing Guiding the construction, then it also had to attention to these objects the existence of time learning styles provided. As Husserl himself expressed, the time pattern is that there is (Sein) style or Existence (Existenz) style.However, not only present, past, present or future, there is time to construct their own consciousness and, more generally, and even objects of individuality is also time to construct their own consciousness. After all, an experience of the individual objects are always from the time it was given, in particular from its present is derived from the given character. However, in a related study, Husserl soon ran much more complex concept of objects on the individualized problem; it is well known that the object, and an individual objects of the Association is irrelevant. Does this mean that only the empirical reality of the object only has a correlation with the time of the essence of it? But this is the case, the time associated with the imaginary object in the end is how a problem? If you think there is an object according to occupy a kind of style of view of individual objects of experience and ideas between the middle of the object, then, from a study of its timing can also experience the essence of that nature, that is, the experience of objects and the concept of objects, or "facts" and "Essence" of the individual nature of the different styles of the essence.Thus you can explain why Husserl in later, has the presence of the directed Bernau manuscript text always back to imagine time phenomenological analysis work. Although it is not difficult to see that a universal essence of individualized experience with it in the individual mixed up in the sample, but are not satisfied with the Husserl a purely negative. So he tried to pass on imagination object individuation — because of its subjective imagination behavior is given, as well as its embedded into the imaginary world of imagination object individuation — and achieve a sense of individual object of a more positive . Thus, on the subjective concept of the object is given to the possible logic of its "world" embedded in the inquiry by the result, not only for Husserl the formation of a "rational metaphysics" of the program is essential And today's logician, must be interesting. (Rudolf Bernet; Sun Zhouxing translation). .
